Dissecting the time course of person recognition in natural viewing environments

Person recognition often unfolds over time and distance as a person approaches, with the quality of identity information from faces, bodies, and motion in constant flux. Participants were familiarized with identities using close‐up and distant videos. Recognition was tested with videos of people approaching from a distance. We varied the timing of prompted responses in the test videos, the amount of video seen, and whether the face, body, or whole person was visible. A free response condition was also included to allow participants to respond when they felt ‘confident’. The pattern of accuracy across conditions indicated that recognition judgments were based on the most recently available information, with no contribution from qualitatively diverse and statistically useful person cues available earlier in the video. Body recognition was stable across viewing distance, whereas face recognition improved with proximity. The body made an independent contribution to recognition only at the farthest distance tested. Free response latencies indicated meta‐knowledge of the optimal proximity for recognition from faces versus bodies. Notably, response bias varied strongly as a function of participants’ expectation about whether closer proximity video was forthcoming. These findings lay the groundwork for developing person recognition theories that generalize to natural viewing environments.     

Visual search for drowning swimmers: Investigating the impact of lifeguarding experience

How does domain expertise influence dynamic visual search? Previous studies of visual search often use abstract search arrays that are devoid of applied context, with comparatively few studies exploring applied naturalistic and dynamic settings. The current research adds to this literature by examining lifeguard drowning‐detection across two studies using naturalistic, dynamic search tasks. Behavioural responses and eye‐movement data were recorded as participants watched staged video clips and attempted to identify if a swimmer was drowning. The results demonstrate lifeguard superiority in response times to drowning events, compared to non‐lifeguards. No differences between lifeguard and non‐lifeguard eye‐movements were noted however. This suggests that the experiential benefit in response times results from other underlying processes, rather than any scanning benefits. This research highlights the complex nature of naturalistic and dynamic searches, while demonstrating the robust nature of simulated videos in producing experience effects in visual search.     

双模态情感分析的弹幕网络视频平台营销策略

随着互联网飞跃发展, 弹幕视频应运而生。这种新型的用户与视频交互方式具有新特性, 如用户情感表达实时动态性、情感分布多峰性。同时, 新特性也给实际研究工作带来挑战, 如用户画像刻画难度增大, 视频推荐和广告推送所需精度提高。现有研究尚未对弹幕视频的新特性进行深入分析, 也没有充分挖掘其本身所蕴含的学术研究价值。本文利用深度学习、自然语言处理技术、系统动力学方法, 结合心理学、市场营销学等多学科交叉前沿知识, 从数据驱动角度对弹幕视频数据进行分析和建模, 深度挖掘视频大数据潜在的商业价值。重点研究弹幕与视频双模态融合的情感识别方法; 构建带有用户情感特征的动态用户画像, 并建立基于用户画像的网络视频粘性营销机制; 分析用户情感与视频广告插播方式的相关性, 提出视频广告动态插播策略。丰富现有研究的同时, 为网络视频企业准确定位与分析用户需求, 创建高品质的智能营销平台供理论与决策支持。     

Searching for two categories of target in dynamic visual displays impairs monitoring ability

Target onsets in dynamically changing displays can be predicted when contingencies exist between different stimulus states over time. In the present study, we examined predictive monitoring when participants searched dynamically changing displays of numbers and colored squares for a color target, a number target, or both. Stimuli were presented in both contiguous and discrete spatial configurations. Response time (RT) and accuracy were recorded, and evidence of predictive monitoring was assessed via first fixations and refixations of target‐predictive stimuli. RTs to target onsets and evidence of predictive monitoring were reduced in dual‐target, relative to single‐target, conditions. Further, predictive monitoring did not speed RTs but was influenced by display configuration. In particular, discrete displays impaired monitoring for number targets in the dual‐target condition. Implications exist for real‐world visual tasks involving multiple target categories and for visual display design.     

物体表征强度对基于动态物体的注意的影响

基于物体的注意已得到许多静态物体实验的证实, 然而, 对注意分配如何受动态物体影响的研究较少, 存在提示物体假设和动态更新假设两种观点。提示物体假设认为基于物体的注意由最初的物体决定, 而动态更新假设则认为由变化之后的物体决定。动态物体的注意研究还发现了即时物体效应, 即注意基于新物体进行。对于物体变化时注意究竟基于旧物体还是新物体, 新旧物体的相对物体表征强度在其中起决定作用; 当提示物体表征较强时表现为提示物体(即旧物体)决定注意分配, 而当即时物体表征较强时表现为即时物体(即新物体)决定注意分配。相对物体表征强度的概念对理解物体动态变化情况下基于物体的注意的分配以及解决相关理论之冲突可能有重要作用。     

Identite Martiniquaise et dynamique du conflit

This exploratory research studies the dynamics of conflict to Martinican’s, in natural situation and in a longitudinal approach. Identity was approached in terms of dynamics, according to the model of ego-ecology there (Zavalloni & Louis-Guérin, 1984) which arrests identity under the angle of a dialectic external subject of updating in the internal environment the person. The MISI (Zavalloni & Louis-Guérin, 1984) chosen to put in evidence the identity mechanisms of this population. In this research a link has also been observed between recognition, action capacities and conflict. Indeed, recognition can be done in mutual respect, exchange, like as politeness socials’ rituals (Picard, 2007) or in fight, conflict which allow to free action’s capacities.     

Marco Conci interviews Stefano Bolognini

Abstract

This paper suggests that the understanding of intersubjectivity, which refers to “the dynamic interplay between the analyst's and the patient's subjective experiences in the clinical situation”, is crucial for psychoanalytic work. The analyst's inner experiences, from the first moment that he or she thinks about or meets the patient, belong to an intersubjective situation. Not only are these experiences a valuable channel through which the inner experiences of the patient can be understood, but—as Theodore Jacobs puts it—they are often complementary to that which comes from the patient. The author tries to illustrate the above through the study of the analytic process in the psychoanalytic therapy of a severely disturbed patient. This therapy from its very early phase led to the reawakening of some of the analyst's old conflicts. The patient's difficulties in tolerating the limits of the analytic setting and using free association are discussed, as are his enactments. The analyst's close observation of the interaction between her and the patient, the permanent engagement with her countertransference, and the use of her inner experiences with the patient helped her to contain the enactments, defined the nature of her interventions, and contributed to the analytic process.     

Young women's contraception use as a contextual and dynamic behaviour: A qualitative study

A number of models of behaviour have been applied to contraception use including subjective expected utility theory and social cognition models. Whilst correlates of contraception use have been identified, the limitations of these models include their failure to consider either contextual factors or changes in contraception use over time. Researchers have called for integrated and dynamic models of contraception use, which can be related to the changing contraception use of individual women and can also be readily operationalised to explore within and between subject differences in contraception use. The present study therefore used a qualitative methodology to explore women's contraceptive histories and to enable women to define the issues from their perspectives, resulting in a model of contraception use that is firmly located within the context of their own lives and allows an investigation of the factors and processes involved in changes in contraception use/non-use over time. This model conceptualises the predictors of contraception use in terms of the meaning and importance of a range of social goals, perceptions of vulnerability and constraints on or facilitators of contraception. Further the dynamic nature of these factors is described and it is illustrated how these core components vary over time according to situation, experience, and new information. The paper outlines the relevance of the findings for different models of decision-making processes and highlights the way that the model addresses the limitations of previous approaches.     

A new allotropic structure of silver nanocrystals nucleated and grown over planar polymer molecules

Polymer molecules of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) serve as a good Ag⁺?→?Ag⁰ reducer as well as a template to produce Ag⁰ nanocrystals of anisotropic shapes. Thin Ag–PVA films (50–100?µm thick) were prepared by carrying out the reaction in aqueous PVA (under heating conditions) and then spin casting the sample in this shape. A topotactic Ag⁺?→?Ag⁰ reaction and in-situ Ag⁰ growth occur in support over the PVA molecules (as per the local structure and Ag⁰–PVA interactions) of elongated surfaces. The Ag⁰ state is confirmed with 3d _5/2 and 3d _3/2 XPS signals of 368.37 and 374.13?eV binding energies, respectively. As analyzed with X-ray diffraction, it is a new allotrope with an orthorhombic structure, lattice parameters a?=?0.8535, b?=?0.8410?nm and c?=?0.4119?nm, and density ρ?=?9.69?g?cm^?3. On heating in air, the well-known cubic structure develops, a?=?0.4082?nm (ρ?=?10.53?g?cm^?3) after 150°C, whereas a?=?0.4071?nm (ρ?= 10.61?g?cm^?3) after 300°C for 2?h. According to proposed models, it is a vacancy-stabilized allotrope, which evolves from multiply twinned particles.