Beliefs and preferences in cultural agents and cultural game players

Two laboratory experiments demonstrated that Japanese participants did not conform to the majority unless negative social implications of not conforming were clear. When their behaviour had no implications for others, they rather exhibited preference for uniqueness. Results of Study 2 further demonstrated that participants' conformity to the majority was particularly prevalent among those who were chronically concerned with how other people would perceive them. Participants in these studies were shown to be cultural game players who changed their behaviour in response to anticipated responses of others based on culturally shared beliefs.     

卷入对名人广告信息加工效果的影响

使用过程分离程序,考察卷入的两方面(个人卷入与产品卷入)共同对名人广告信息加工效果的影响。发现:(1)个人卷入和产品卷入的提高都能促进受众的品牌记忆,但个人卷入的变化主要影响品牌外显记忆成绩,而产品卷入的提高则表现为内隐记忆效果的增强。说明,两者影响的是同一内部过程,但影响方式可能有异。(2)名人广告中的品牌所获得的外显记忆、内隐记忆效果均明显好于使用一般代言人的品牌;代言人类型与个人卷入或产品卷入间不存在明显的交互作用。说明,名人代言人的使用可促进广告信息的加工,且受卷入状态的影响较小。     

Gender stereotypes in management: a comparative study of communist and postcommunist Romania

This study sets out to investigate the changes in the perception of women in leading positions in communist and postcommunist Romania. The study uses a noninvasive paradigm of analyzing the content of obituaries for women and men in leading positions published in a national journal, and shows that the gender gap in management widened during the postcommunist period. In postcommunist Romania, women are perceived as being less able to lead/manage and more relational in their leadership style as compared to men, while in the communist period the gender differences were not significant.     

The use of dreams in the clinical context: convergencies and divergencies: an interdisciplinary proposal

This paper aims to define some unexpected convergences and foreseeable divergences regarding the conceptualization of dreams and their use as a research tool, specifically in clinical practice with non-neurotic patients. It includes a concise review of different lines of thought on the vicissitudes of dreams throughout the history of psychoanalysis: from their initial conception up to their use to examine transference and relational aspects in the context of a psychoanalytic process. The idea of the merely evacuative function of dreams from patients in certain diagnostic categories is discussed and compared with that of their potential communicative value. Lastly, the essay sets forth an interdisciplinary semiotic-pragmatic approach to the function of dreams and their clinical and technical use in the context of the intersubjective dynamic field. Based on the hypothesis that dreams related in the session are communicative signs, this proposal argues their significance as a symbolic matrix that generates processes of psychic semiosis. To do so, it combines certain lines of psychoanalytic thought with ideas coming from C. S. Peirce's analytic semiotics. Clinical material is included to illustrate this viewpoint.     

青年颈心综合征避免误诊为冠心病的临床诊疗策略

通过对临床收集的187例青年(≤45岁)颈心综合征患者的临床资料进行分析。探讨青年颈心综合征临床误诊为冠心病的原因及避免误诊的诊疗策略。目的在于帮助临床医师对青年颈心综合征进行识别,注意如何与冠心病心绞痛相鉴别,对防止病情延误,尽早明确诊断积极治疗,排除冠心病,减少诊疗费用及避免冠脉造影的风险意义很大。     

慢性房颤导管消融策略的原则和个体化治疗

目前,慢性房颤导管消融的成功率及复发率均不尽人意。由于缺乏统一术式,慢性房颤消融采用的是肺静脉隔离、电图靶向消融及线性消融等多术式综合策略。在房颤消融策略上,既要坚持肺静脉电隔离原则,又要体现消融术式选择和实施的个体化,阶梯消融综合术式的推出就是这种思维方法的具体运用。     

显示方式对小学生阅读动态文本的影响

以小学三年级和五年级学生为被试,在机控速度（240字/分）条件下,如何在单行呈现动态文本以提高小学生的阅读绩效。实验采用2（呈现方式：引导式、RSVP）×2（年级：三年级、五年级）×2（窗口：5字、10字）的多因素混合实验设计。结果发现：（1）在呈现方式上,平滑滚动引导式优于RSVP,更受被试偏爱;（2）在两种呈现方式下,五年级的阅读正确率显著高于三年级;（3）与平滑滚动引导式相比,窗口大小对RSVP的影响更大。     

基于系统动力学的群体情绪传播模型

选取某高校20个教学班级共计614人为被试,采用心理学实证与系统动力学（system of dynamic）与社会网络（social network）建模相结合的研究方法,对群体情绪传播的动力学规律进行了建模,并将模型仿真结果与心理实验结果进行了比对。结果表明,所建立的模型能够较好地刻画出群体情绪传播的动力学规律,具有较高的生态效度。该模型的建立对群体性事件的定量预警与监控提供了基础理论依据。     

英语阅读策略培训对非英语专业本科生的影响*

旨在探讨英语阅读策略培训对非英语专业本科生英语阅读策略使用情况以及英语成绩的影响。对非英语专业大学生进行了一学期的英语阅读策略培训,使用几次英语阅读测试和自编的英语阅读策略调查问卷对实验组和对照组进行前后测。研究结果发现:(1)英语阅读策略培训能有效提高学生英语阅读策略的使用频率,帮助他们取得更好的阅读成绩;(2)与高水平学习者相比,中、低水平学习者可从策略培训中获得更大的收益。     

抽样组合中元素数量对青少年组合成绩的影响

先前抽样组合问题研究表明达到形式运算阶段青少年的抽样组合思维成绩表现并不一致,作者分析猜想可能的原因是组合元素数量增加会降低被试的抽样组合成绩。现在实验考察高中一年级学生的抽样组合思维能力,以组合问题中的总体元素数量和样本元素数量为自变量,设置了五选三、七选三和七选四的三种抽样组合问题条件。实验结果发现,随着总体元素数量和样本元素数量的增加,被试的组合成绩明显下降。这表明,青少年的抽样组合思维能力虽已获得,但随组合元素数量增加而表现出倒退,并没达到成熟的一般性;其发展水平可能存在初级水平到高级水平的区分。