道德动机动态系统理论：一种道德发展的新科尔伯格取向

在科尔伯格道德认知发展阶段理论、动态系统理论和自我决定理论基础上,Kaplan提出了道德动机的动态系统理论,把道德动机界定为认知和情绪成分自我组织和自我调节的动态发展过程。该理论有其特定的提出背景、基本观点和主要内容,并且具有一定的实证证据支持。未来研究应着力解决道德认知与情绪的关系、环境因素的影响、横断研究与纵向研究的结合以及研究工具的完善等问题。     

Phase transformation of Cu precipitate in Fe–Cu alloy studied using self-guided molecular dynamics

The self-guided molecular dynamics (SGMD) method, which can enhance the conformational sampling efficiency in MD simulations, was applied in investigating the phase transformation of Cu precipitate in α-iron that took place during thermal aging. It was shown that the SGMD method can accelerate calculating the bcc to 9R structure transformation of a small precipitate (even 4.0 nm in size), enabling the transformation without introducing any excess vacancies. The size dependence of the transformation also agreed with that seen in previous experimental studies.     

Elasto-hydrodynamics of quasicrystals with a crack under sudden impacts

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a mode-III crack in one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal quasicrystals subjected to anti-plane impact loading is analyzed. The elasto-hydrodynamics of quasicrystals is adopted, where the phonon field obeys wave equation, and the phason field obeys diffusion equation. By introducing a new auxiliary function, the coupled wave-diffusion equations are converted to a single higher-order partial differential equation. With the aid of the Laplace transform, an associated mixed initial-boundary value problem is reduced to two sets of dual integral equations, and then transformed into two coupled Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. Numerical results of transient phonon and phason stress intensity factors and crack-centre displacement jump are obtained through the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform and are presented graphically to show the influences of the phason.     

Microstructure evolution of Al-15% Si alloy during hot rolling

ABSTRACT

A direct chill (DC) cast Al-15% Si alloy was processed by hot rolling with a single pass at a temperature of 520°C with a thickness reduction of 80%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the evolution of the sample’s microstructure. After hot rolling, silicon particles homogeneously distributed in the Al matrix with fine equiaxed grains of average size ～ 0.95?μm. High-angle boundaries (HABs) (about ～75.8% in percentage) dominate in the Al matrix structure. There is evidence for Si-particle-stimulated continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) during hot rolling.     

Positron lifetime study of an Al-1.7at.% Mg-1.1at.% Cu alloy

The behaviour of vacancies during isothermal ageing following quenching of an Al-1.7at.% Mg-1.1at.% Cu alloy has been studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The positron lifetime parameters vary in parallel with the Vickers hardness of the alloy, suggesting simultaneous migration of vacancies and changes in the size and concentration of vacancies containing clusters and dislocation loops. The results also explain the long hardness plateau observed previously in ageing experiments carried out between 100 and 240°C in terms of a continuous growth of Mg-Cu-vacancy clusters during ageing. The vacancy concentration of the clusters increases gradually until the setting in of the cluster Guinier-Preston-Bagaryatsky zone transformation.     

Book reviews

Current research on medically unexplained somatic symptoms (MUSS) shows a renewed interest in psychodynamic approaches. Patients with MUSS lack the capacity to mentalize about their feelings. They have an attachment history characterized by insecure attachment relationships. They have a personality trait that can be best described as self-critical perfectionism. Their insecure early attachment relations have had a negative impact on the development of their stress regulatory system. Staff of Psychotherapeutisch Dagcentrum, affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry of a general hospital in Tilburg, found dynamic interpersonal therapy (DIT) a suitable treatment model for the treatment program that was run for patients with MUSS. DIT was developed by Lemma, Fonagy, and Target in the UK for the individual treatment of patients suffering from depression. Subsequently, a variant of DIT was developed in order to make it suitable for application in a multidisciplinary group setting.     

Psychotherapy training in a changing world: A Swedish perspective

The City and Hackney Primary Care Psychotherapy Consultation Service is an innovative, public sector service designed to support GPs in meeting the needs of patients with complex psychological/physical health issues throughout the London Boroughs of Hackney and the City. This paper provides an account of how this new model for the National Health Service (NHS) developed in the context of psychotherapy provision within the NHS, within the national and local context in the UK and gives an overview of some the service's key features and how it differs from other services operating in primary and secondary care. A linked paper, in this journal, explores the reality within which the service functions and describes clinical outcomes, health economic data, the modifications to the original model and prospects for the future.     

Dynamic processes in emotion regulation choice

ABSTRACT

Because emotion regulation (ER) processes operate over time, they potentially change the context in which subsequent ER processes occur. To test this proposal, fifty-two healthy participants completed the ER choice task. Thirty standardized low- and high-intensity negative images were used to generate different emotional contexts in which participants selected between distraction or reappraisal strategies to decrease the intensity of their negative emotion. Participants then implemented their selected strategy and rated their negative emotion. Using a dynamic perspective, we examined as predictors of ER strategy choice, in addition to current stimulus intensity, several contextual factors from the immediately preceding trial: preceding stimulus intensity and strategy choice, and the intensity of negative affect following the previous strategy implementation and thus preceding the current trial. Results replicated earlier findings that participants are more likely to choose distraction for high-intensity images. Extending earlier findings, selecting reappraisal in the preceding trial and greater negative affect preceding the current trial were associated with lower odds of choosing distraction. The lack of significant interactions among the current and preceding trial factors suggests that these effects on ER choice were direct and not through moderating the effect of current stimulus intensity. These findings support dynamic theories of ER.     

飞行员动态空间表征建构的策略研究

运用动态视觉空间工作记忆任务探讨了飞行员和对照组的动态空间表征的建构特征。从两个方面考察策略运用:(1)在客体运动轨迹表征反应选择项上,根据客体运动轨迹的几何特征将选择项设置为整体型策略和局部型策略;(2)有关策略运用的问卷测试。结果发现,在完成运动轨迹的动态工作记忆时,飞行员更多采用整体策略,控制组更多采用局部。结果提示具有较高空间能力的飞行员在合并运动刺激元素、整合客体表征转化为整体表征时具有优势。最后提出延时动态空间表征表达运动客体运动轨迹表征,其空间构型依赖于一段时间的客体运动特性的积累。