Adolescent Precursors of Intensity of Marijuana and Other Illicit Drug Use Among Adult Initiators

This study examined (a) adolescent psychosocial risk factors for frequency (intensity) of marijuana use and for other illicit drug use among those who started using these drugs in early adulthood (adult initiators) and (b) the protective role of parent-adolescent relations in reducing or preventing drug use when adolescents enter early adulthood. The study's participants were male and female youth from a longitudinal prospective study. The participants' mean ages were 17 and 22 years at late adolescence and early adulthood, respectively. Independent measures assessed personality, parental, peer, and self-drug-use factors during late adolescence; dependent measures assessed frequency of marijuana use and other illicit drug use during early adulthood for initiators of the respective drug categories. The authors found that intensity of marijuana use was directly associated with the personality, parental, and self-drug-use domains and indirectly associated with the peer domain. Intensity of other illicit drug use was directly associated with personality and self-drug use. Analyses also revealed that some parent-adolescent relations factors buffered the effects of risk factors for both marijuana and other illicit drug-use intensity, whereas others enhanced the effects of protective factors against other illicit drug-use intensity. The results indicate that there are both commonalities and differences in precursors of marijuana and other illicit drug-use intensity among initiators of these drugs during early adulthood.     

Good Athlete – Bad Athlete? on the ‘Role-Model Argument’ for Banning Performance-Enhancing Drugs

The paper critically discusses a role-model argument (RMA) in favour of banning performance-enhancing drugs in sport. The argument concludes that athletes should be banned from using performance-enhancing drugs because if they are allowed to use such drugs they will encourage, or cause, youngsters who look up to them to use drugs in a way that would be harmful. In Section 2 the structure of the argument and some versions of it are presented. In Section 3 a critical discussion of RMA is presented. It is argued that we should be reluctant to accept the argument as it stands for at least three reasons: (i) it rests on an unsupported empirical claim; (ii) it also makes a false empirical claim; and (iii) the normative premise of the argument is too demanding morally. Further objections to the RMA are also discussed, but argued to be beside the point     

分析性思维的荣耀,还是挑战--EGb-761的研发历程及其方法论启示

银杏叶有明确的活血化瘀疗效,Schwabe家族按照传统的分析思维,从银杏叶中获得一种混合制剂EGb-761,它可以改善血流,降低心脑血管意外的发生率.然而,在深入研究EGb-761的一些关键问题上,分析的思维面临全新挑战,它无法精确描述这种混合物的具体成分,也不能确切的解释这种制剂的药理作用.EGb-761的研发历程带给我们重要的启示,在科学技术迅猛发展的今天,需要以系统观、整体观为指导,提出新的药物研发探索方向.     

门诊抗高血压用药分析

通过对天津市某医院的高血压患者发病和用药情况进行调查,了解此医院血压用药特点及其合理性和局限性。结果显示,用药频度的前三类分别是钙离子拮抗剂（CCB）、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂（ARB）、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（AcEI）;用药频度的前三个药分别是硝苯地平控释片、厄贝沙坦、贝那普利;使用一种降压药物的处方占49．25％,...     

儿童虐待与戒毒动机：自我概念的中介效应

本文旨在探讨戒毒人群儿童虐待情况,以及儿童虐待、自我概念和戒毒动机之间的关系。采用儿童虐待问卷、田纳西自我概念量表和戒毒动机问卷对771名（男520,女251）正在戒毒的人员进行调查。结果发现：（1）强制戒毒人群的儿童虐待现象比较普遍（56.7%）,特别是躯体忽视和情感忽视;（2）儿童虐待与自我概念、戒毒动机呈显著负相关,自我概念与戒毒动机呈显著正相关;（3）自我概念在儿童虐待与戒毒动机间起部分中介作用。结论：治疗戒毒人群的心理成瘾,应评估其儿童虐待情况,针对有儿童虐待经历者,可通过构建积极自我概念的方式改善戒毒动机,进而提高戒毒成功率。     

Ethological analysis of neuropeptides and psychotropic drugs: Effects on intraspecies aggression and sociability of isolated mice

The experiments on mice (under the condition of agonistic interactions) have shown increases and decreases in certain forms of species-specific behavior (aggression, defense, sociability) when synthetic peptides and psychotropic drugs were administered. MIF-1, TRH, and LH-RH (acute injections) enhance aggression in isolated mice while somatostatin reduces it. MIF–1 antagonizes the antiaggressive effects of haloperidol, muscimol, and morphine. ACTH 1–24 counteracts the action of diaze-pam on attacks and threats. Somatostatin reduces both aggression and sociability and that effect may be potentiated by diazepam. Neo-endorphin injected together with diazepam reduces aggression and enhances sociability. A combination of synthetic neuropeptides and well known psychotropic drugs (neuroleptics, tranquil-izers, and others) may be more effective for the control of aggression and sociability than the psychotropic drugs employed alone.     

从不规范联合用药转变为单药治疗过程分析抗癫痫药物的选择策略

单药治疗或合理的联合用药是癫痫治疗的重要原则,本文运用抗癫痫药物的药代动力学知识,分析了1例复杂不规范的联合用药导致治疗失败的原因,系统讲解了将其转变为有效的传统或新型抗癫痫药物单药治疗的理论和实践过程,并以此展示抗癫痫药物的选择策略。     

Drugs,Sport, Anxiety and Foucauldian Governmentality

This paper1 1. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual conference of the Australian Sociological Association at the University of Tasmania from 5 to 8 December 2005. uses concepts of anxiety and Foucauldian governmentality to investigate the ways that the discourses supporting the ban on performance-enhancing drugs in sport have been manipulated and broadened to treat this issue as a public policy and health issue rather than an example of rule violation in sport. Some effects of this expansion include the broadening of drug testing to include testing for recreational drugs, the intrusion of both central governments and scientific experts into the issue and the curtailment of civil liberties for athletes. A further effect has been the perpetration of injustices against athletes under the guise of such injustices being necessary to maintain the integrity of sport.