全文获取类型
收费全文 | 347篇 |
免费 | 84篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 51篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 20篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有454条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
AbstractObjective: We tested a novel intervention for reducing demand for ineffective health remedies. The intervention aimed to empower participants to overcome the illusion of causality, which otherwise drives erroneous perceptions regarding remedy efficacy.Design: A laboratory experiment adopted a between-participants design with six conditions that varied the amount of information available to participants (N?=?245). The control condition received a basic refutation of multivitamin efficacy, whereas the principal intervention condition received a full contingency table specifying the number of people reporting a benefit vs. no benefit from both the product and placebo, plus an alternate causal explanation for inefficacy over placebo.Main outcome measures: We measured participants’ willingness to pay (WTP) for multivitamin products using two incentivized experimental auctions. General attitudes towards health supplements were assessed as a moderator of WTP. We tested generalisation using ratings of the importance of clinical-trial results for making future health purchases.Results: Our principal intervention significantly reduced participants’ WTP for multivitamins (by 23%) and increased their recognition of the importance of clinical-trial results.Conclusion: We found evidence that communicating a simplified full-contingency table and an alternate causal explanation may help reduce demand for ineffective health remedies by countering the illusion of causality. 相似文献
43.
Abstract Hepatitis B and C viruses are more prevalent among injecting drug users than HIV. This study explored drug users' illness representations of hepatitis B and C using repertory grid methodology. Initially, nine drug users were presented with six elements including hepatitis B and C, and HIV. Constructs were elicited via the sequential form variation of the method of triads. Elements were rated on elicited constructs using a five-point scale, and analyzed using “Flexigrid”. In a second quantitative research stage, 52 drug users were presented with six elements and supplied constructs. Results of the first stage indicated participants were able to generate constructs relating to Leventhal et al.'s (1980) features of illness representations. Most constructs, however, were causal in nature. Participants perceived hepatitis B, C and HIV similarly along the causal component. This similarity on the causal component was largely replicated in the second research stage. Participants, however, distinguished HIV from hepatitis B and C along serious, cure and timeline features. Participants did not distinguish hepatitis B from hepatitis C. The implications of these results for health promotion are discussed. 相似文献
44.
Benjamin K. Sovacool 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2013,13(5):W1-W7
The issue of how to best minimize scientific misconduct remains a controversial topic among bioethicists, professors, policymakers, and attorneys. This paper suggests that harsher criminal sanctions against misconduct, better protections for whistleblowers, and the creation of due process standards for misconduct investigations are urgently needed. Although the causes of misconduct and estimates of problem remain varied, the literature suggests that scientific misconduct—fraud, fabrication, and plagiarism of scientific research—continues to damage public health and trust in science. Providing stricter criminal statutes against misconduct is necessary to motivate whistleblowers and deter wrongdoers, and the provision of basic due process protections is necessary for ensuring a fair and balanced misconduct investigation. 相似文献
45.
Abstract There were four groups of participants: low-anxious (low anxiety-low defensiveness), repressors (low anxiety-high defensiveness), high-anxious (high anxiety-low defensiveness), and defensive high-anxious (high anxiety-high defensiveness). They were exposed to self-focus and other-focus conditions, and self-report, physiological, and behavioural measures of anxiety were recorded. The focus manipulation (self vs. other) was effective, with all four groups having higher self-reported anxiety in the self-focus condition. It was found that self-focused attention accounted for a significant amount of variation in self-reported anxiety. The findings were discussed within the theoretical framework proposed by Eysenck (1997). 相似文献
46.
现代生物技术前沿与创新药物研究的思考 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
生物技术是当今世界发展最快,潜力最大和影响最深远的高新技术之一。极大地推动着创新药物研究的发展,在基因组学,蛋白质组学,生物信息学和生物芯片等几个生物技术前沿大大拓展了创新药物研究的方法和理论,使创新药物研究具有前所未有的广阔的用武之地。 相似文献
47.
基因工程药物发展的历史及启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基因工程诞生20余年,运用于医药行业,研制和开发工程药物,已取得长足进展,迄今为止,已有近100个基因工程新药上市,并有数百种正在研制和开发中,可以预计,基因工程药物的发展具有无比强大的生命力。就基因工程药物发展史进行概述,会从中得到许多启示。 相似文献
48.
49.
Warren K. Bickel Liqa N. Athamneh 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2020,113(1):48-56
The Reinforcer Pathology theory proposes conditions under which drugs emerge as excessively preferred reinforcers compared to other available reinforcers among drug users. The theory highlights 2 key variables as important determinants of drug preference: (a) excessive preference for immediate rewards (high discounting of future rewards); and (b) excessive valuation for addictive reinforcers (e.g., drugs). Two iterations of the Reinforcer Pathology theory exist with the latest iteration (i.e., Reinforcer Pathology 2.0) specifying that the temporal window of reinforcer integration (measured by delay discounting) is a determinant of reinforcer value. The 2 iterations of the Reinforcer Pathology theory are described. A novel insight and understanding of abstinence and relapse from a Reinforcer Pathology perspective, limitations, and future directions are discussed. The Reinforcer Pathology theory continues the long-standing efforts to scientifically understand and better define novel concepts and methods to further translational research and improve treatment outcomes. Exploring the complementary relation between the Reinforcer Pathology perspective and other current approaches could have a valuable effect. 相似文献
50.
Toward quantifying the abuse liability of ultraviolet tanning: A behavioral economic approach to tanning addiction
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Derek D. Reed Brent A. Kaplan Amel Becirevic Peter G. Roma Steven R. Hursh 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2016,106(1):93-106
Many adults engage in ultraviolet indoor tanning despite evidence of its association with skin cancer. The constellation of behaviors associated with ultraviolet indoor tanning is analogous to that in other behavioral addictions. Despite a growing literature on ultraviolet indoor tanning as an addiction, there remains no consensus on how to identify ultraviolet indoor tanning addictive tendencies. The purpose of the present study was to translate a behavioral economic task more commonly used in substance abuse to quantify the "abuse liability" of ultraviolet indoor tanning, establish construct validity, and determine convergent validity with the most commonly used diagnostic tools for ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction (i.e., mCAGE and mDSM‐IV‐TR). We conducted a between‐groups study using a novel hypothetical Tanning Purchase Task to quantify intensity and elasticity of ultraviolet indoor tanning demand and permit statistical comparisons with the mCAGE and mDSM‐IV‐TR. Results suggest that behavioral economic demand is related to ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction status and adequately discriminates between potential addicted individuals from nonaddicted individuals. Moreover, we provide evidence that the Tanning Purchase Task renders behavioral economic indicators that are relevant to public health research. The present findings are limited to two ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction tools and a relatively small sample of high‐risk ultraviolet indoor tanning users; however, these pilot data demonstrate the potential for behavioral economic assessment tools as diagnostic and research aids in ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction studies. 相似文献