口腔正畸治疗中的医患交流初探

口腔正畸治疗时间长,患者依从性难以保证,这时医患交流对于治疗就尤为重要。正畸治疗各阶段良好的医患交流可以统一医患双方对矫治目标的理解差异,增进患者的信任感,争取患者最大程度的积极配合,防止错袷复发,减少医疗纠纷,取得令医患双方更加满意的矫治效果。     

生长激素对心血管系统的影响

生长激素（GH）是出生后主要刺激生长的激素,GH相当高比例的促生长作用是由胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF—I）介导完成的。不同的代谢功能如碳水化合物和脂类代谢也受GH的直接影响。GH还对心血管及大脑有影响,本文拟对其分泌机制及作用和对心血管及大脑的影响作一综述。     

超声联合微泡剂介导的肿瘤靶向治疗研究进展

包被气体的微泡剂作为超声造影剂不仅显著提高了临床超声显像诊断能力,而且其作为一种新型药物载体的靶向治疗作用正逐步被揭示。携带基因或药物的超声微泡剂介导肿瘤靶向治疗已经成为超声研究领域中的研究热点。这种微泡剂在超声能量作用下因空化效应导致自身破裂并定向释放所携带的药物或者基因,使特定肿瘤组织或细胞部位浓度大大提高,从而起...     

子宫内膜异位症引起的盆腔疼痛的诊断和治疗

子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)是妇科最常见的疾病之一,且发病率呈逐年上升趋势,盆腔疼痛是它常见的症状之一,其发病机制尚未明确,易复发,成为妇科研究的热点和难点。随着对EMT引起盆腔疼痛的发病机理的不断认识,其诊治也相应得到完善和发展。本文从哲学的角度以认识和实践等观点对EMT引起盆腔疼痛的诊断和治疗进展进行综述,以助于临床诊治。     

急性肾损伤肾脏替代治疗模式的临床决策

急性肾损伤是指病程3个月内的,包括血、尿、组织学及影像学检查所见的肾脏结构与功能异常。目前,急性肾损伤肾脏替代治疗的模式尚无明确定论。常用的模式有间断性血液透析、持续性肾脏替代治疗、杂合式肾脏替代治疗、腹膜透析。临床上应根据患者的年龄、病因、病情危重程度、所在医院的条件和经济状况等选择合适的治疗模式。     

Children's human figure drawings do not measure intellectual ability

Children typically follow a well-defined series of stages as they learn to draw, but the rate at which they progress through these stages varies from child to child. Some experts have argued that these individual differences in drawing development reflect individual differences in intelligence. Here we assessed the validity of a drawing test that is commonly used to assess children’s intellectual abilities. In a single study, 125 5- and 6-year-olds completed the Draw-A-Person: A Quantitative Scoring System (DAP:QSS) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R) or the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Although there was a statistically significant correlation between scores on the DAP:QSS and scores on the Wechsler tests, when the scores of individual children were examined, the DAP:QSS yielded a high number of false positives and false negatives for low intellectual functioning. We conclude that the DAP:QSS is not a valid measure of intellectual ability and should not be used as a screening tool.     

胃肠道肿瘤的分子靶向治疗:未来的方向?

分子靶向治疗是这几年来消化道肿瘤治疗领域的热门话题.这类新一代的分子靶向生物治疗模式,将在临床治疗肿瘤实践中具有广阔的应用前景.从事肿瘤研究的临床医务人员需要综合归纳这些信息,融汇入自己的认知将之合理应用于患者.我们将真正进入传统的细胞毒性药物攻击与非细胞毒性靶向性药物相结合使用的时代,真正实现延长患者的生命,改善其生活质量的目标.     

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and decision science

In recent decades cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and decision science (DS) have emerged within the field of psychological science. Though these are two vastly different areas of study, they are similar in that they address human information processing, cognition, behavior, and the link between them. In this article, we provide brief summaries of CBT and decision science, discuss their similarities and differences, and discuss how future research can identify ways in which these fields can inform each other. Several CBT techniques that might be of use to the efforts of the decision science field to prevent cognitive biases are suggested. Research that integrates these two fields may lead to the improvement of both.     

The Acceptability of Computer-Aided Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Pragmatic Study

The clinical and cost-effectiveness of a computer-aided cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) programme, Beating the Blues, is indicated by a number of studies, but relatively little is known about its acceptability for patients with depression, anxiety, or both. This study investigated the acceptability of Beating the Blues offered on eight scheduled clinic visits with brief face-to-face support. Pre and posttreatment measures explored the relationship among programme acceptability, treatment continuation, and outcomes for people accessing the programme in routine care. Two hundred and nineteen patients with depression, anxiety, or both were offered Beating the Blues in 11 primary and secondary care practices. One hundred and ninety-one (87%) completed the pretreatment measures and 84 (38%) completed a treatment feedback questionnaire. Analysis of treatment acceptability for CCBT indicated a positive patient experience with the programme. Pretreatment expectancies predicted CCBT treatment completion but not outcomes. No differences were found between men and women on pretreatment measures. Posttreatment, women reported more favourable responses to the therapy, finding the programme more helpful and more satisfactory, than did men. No relationship between treatment acceptability and age was found. Study limitations, including research methods and attrition rates, and implications for future research are discussed. It is concluded that the Beating the Blues CCBT programme is an acceptable treatment for common mental health problems in routine care.     

Advanced Brief Strategic Therapy: An overview of interventions with eating disorders to exemplify how theory and practice work

This paper aims at introducing some of the central aspects of the evolution that brief strategic therapy has undergone at the Centro di Terapia Strategica of Arezzo, Italy, towards advanced therapeutic strategies which differ from the original Palo Alto model. (Fisch, Weakland, &; Segal, 1982; Watzlawick, 1978 Watzlawick, P. 1978. The language of change: Elements of therapeutic communication, New York: Basic Books.  [Google Scholar]; Watzlawick, Beavin, &; Jackson, 1967; Watzlawick, Weakland, &; Fisch, 1974). We will focus on how the concept of self-deception is central to the formation and the persistence of psychological disorders; and how the usage of non-ordinary logics and the understanding of the individual's perceptive-reactive system are of key importance in unravelling such disorders, allowing the therapist to guide the patient towards an efficacious and efficient solution. Rather than attempting to describe and enlist the theoretical corpus that underlies brief strategic therapy, we have chosen to exemplify some focal concepts that connect theory to practice, and vice versa, by presenting the outline of some therapeutic protocols devised for solving eating disorders which can be specifically tailored for each individual patient.