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151.
Representations in the Human Prefrontal Cortex 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Edward D. Huey Frank Krueger Jordan Grafman 《Current directions in psychological science》2006,15(4):167-171
ABSTRACT— The prefrontal cortex (PFC) in humans has been studied for more than a century, but many crucial questions about its functions remain unanswered. This paper will highlight a few key differences between human and animal PFCs, and between the human PFC (HPFC) and other parts of the human brain. We then make a case that the HPFC is critically important for executing behaviors over time and integrating disparate information from throughout the brain. Finally, we will focus on our position in the current debate regarding how the HPFC performs its functions and discuss future directions for research. 相似文献
152.
Conflict and Cognitive Control in the Brain 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ABSTRACT— Recent research from cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience has suggested that the control mechanisms by which people are able to regulate task performance can be dissociated into evaluative and executive components. One process, implemented in the anterior cingulate cortex of the brain, monitors the amount of conflict that occurs during information processing; another process, implemented in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, is involved with maintaining the requirements of the task at hand and with biasing information processing in favor of appropriate responses. In the current article, we review this theory and some of the research that has supported it, including its implication for understanding cognitive disturbances in clinical disorders such as schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We conclude by addressing several interesting possibilities for future research. 相似文献
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154.
程序性运动学习包括序列学习和随机学习。神经影像学研究表明背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)和初级运动皮层(M1)在程序性运动学习中发挥重要作用,但DLPFC和M1之间的联通性及其与不同程序性运动学习的关系尚不明确。本研究采用连续反应时间任务,结合经颅磁刺激(TMS)方法,探讨左侧DLPFC到M1的联通性在不同程序性运动学习中的差异。实验1采用两连发TMS探测DLPFC到M1的最佳投射时间点;实验2,被试分为2组,分别进行序列学习和随机学习,在学习前、后采集行为学数据,以及M1的运动诱发电位和DLPFC-M1联通性的电生理学数据。行为学结果发现序列学习组的学习效果更佳;电生理学结果发现,两组被试学习前、后M1的运动诱发电位均未发生改变;在最佳时间投射点、适当刺激强度下,序列学习组DLPFC-M1联通性发生改变,且与学习成绩相关,而随机学习组没有改变。结果说明DLPFC到M1的联通性增强可能是序列学习成绩更佳的重要原因,这一结果从电生理角度为DLPFC在运动学习中的作用提供了重要证据。 相似文献
155.
Differential involvement of left prefrontal cortex in inductive and deductive reasoning 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
While inductive and deductive reasoning are considered distinct logical and psychological processes, little is known about their respective neural basis. To address this issue we scanned 16 subjects with fMRI, using an event-related design, while they engaged in inductive and deductive reasoning tasks. Both types of reasoning were characterized by activation of left lateral prefrontal and bilateral dorsal frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Neural responses unique to each type of reasoning determined from the Reasoning Type (deduction and induction) by Task (reasoning and baseline) interaction indicated greater involvement of left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44) in deduction than induction, while left dorsolateral (BA 8/9) prefrontal gyrus showed greater activity during induction than deduction. This pattern suggests a dissociation within prefrontal cortex for deductive and inductive reasoning. 相似文献
156.
抑制控制能力是指个体为实现特定目标对干扰性优势反应进行抑制的能力,是一种高级认知能力。该文综述了对非人灵长类抑制控制能力的研究,从抑制控制能力的行为表现,生理机制及其发生、发展几个方面进行了阐述,提供了一个从演化的角度理解人类的抑制控制能力的视角。 相似文献
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158.
关联记忆与来源记忆存在很多相似之处,但也存在一定的差异。与项目记忆相比,关联记忆需要参与的大脑区域相对较多,包括前额区与海马等;电生理研究、成像研究以及病人研究都为这一观点提供了可靠的证据。 相似文献
159.
Commitment is an important determinant of relationship stability. Previous studies demonstrated that relationship stability is influenced by several personality variables, one of which is conscientiousness. To account for the influence of conscientiousness on relationship stability, we propose a neurological model of commitment. The model assumes that conscientiousness and commitment are influenced by individual differences in anterior and mid-dorsolateral prefrontal (amDLPFC) functioning, and that conscientiousness is a partial mediator of the association between amDLPFC functioning and commitment. Results from two studies with dating couples are consistent with this model. Study 2 suggests that, relative to other conscientiousness facets, self-efficacy is a more likely mediator of the effect of amDLPFC functioning on commitment. 相似文献
160.
Hippocampal low-frequency stimulation and chronic mild stress similarly disrupt fear extinction memory in rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Garcia R Spennato G Nilsson-Todd L Moreau JL Deschaux O 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2008,89(4):560-566
Disruptions of fear extinction-related potentiation of synaptic efficacy in the connection between the hippocampus (HPC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been shown to impair the recall of extinction memory. This study was undertaken to examine if chronic mild stress (CMS), which is known to alter induction of HPC–mPFC long-term potentiation, would also interfere with both extinction-related HPC–mPFC potentiation and extinction memory. Following fear conditioning (5 tone-shock pairings), rats were submitted to fear extinction (20 tone-alone presentations), which produced an increase in the amplitude of HPC–mPFC field potentials. HPC low-frequency stimulation (LFS), applied immediately after training, suppressed these changes and induced fear return during the retention test (5 tone-alone presentations). CMS, delivered before fear conditioning, did not interfere with fear extinction but blocked the development of extinction-related potentiation in the HPC–mPFC pathway and impaired the recall of extinction. These findings suggest that HPC LFS may provoke metaplastic changes in HPC outputs that may mimic alterations associated with a history of chronic stress. 相似文献