Telling stories to communicate the value of the pre‐employment structured job interview

In an effort to bridge the scientist–practitioner gap in the employee selection, some researchers have advocated telling stories to better communicate the value of evidence‐based hiring practices to human resource (HR) professionals. In this paper, we conducted two experiments that examine the efficacy of storytelling for overcoming managers’ resistance to use structured job interviews. In two experiments, we found that participants who read a story regarding the effectiveness of structured interviews, as opposed to receiving evidence‐based advice, reported more favorable attitudes toward structured job interviews. Serial mediation analysis revealed that the observed attitude change was mediated by an increase in narrative transportation and reduction in counterarguing. Implications for using stories in communicating the value of evidence‐based HR practices are discussed.     

网络亲子沟通对留守初中生社会适应的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

在信息社会的时代背景下,为探讨网络亲子沟通对留守初中生社会适应的影响及其内在机制。本研究使用网络亲子沟通问卷、亲子关系问卷、获益性解释问卷、问题行为量表、自尊量表、抑郁量表和生活满意度量表,对492名留守初中生进行调查。结果表明：（1）在网络亲子沟通、亲子关系、获益性解释和社会适应中,两两呈显著正相关;（2）网络亲子沟通不仅能直接正向预测留守初中生的社会适应,还能通过亲子关系的中介作用对其产生影响;（3）网络亲子沟通对留守初中生社会适应影响的直接效应以及亲子关系的中介效应均受到获益性解释的调节,且这两种效应在高获益性解释群体中都更为显著。本研究结果有助于揭示网络亲子沟通对留守儿童社会适应影响及其作用机制,对留守儿童社会适应的改善也有一定的指导意义。     

Examining Religious Disaffiliation Through a Family Systems Lens: Implications for Treatment

Religious disaffiliation can be emotionally and relationally challenging. Research indicates that people who disaffiliate can experience grief, emotional distress, and even posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Research also indicates that disaffiliation can put strain on family relationships, yet exactly how this impacts the family system as a whole is much less understood. This qualitative study, using grounded theory analytic procedures, fills a gap in the literature by utilizing a systemic approach to explore the impact of religious disaffiliation on family units. Twelve participants from five different families representing five different religions were interviewed. At least one disaffiliated member and one affiliated member were interviewed from each family system. Results offered a deeper understanding of (a) the relational impact of religious disaffiliation and (b) the relational challenges of navigating interactions after disaffiliation. Six clinical implications are offered with the goal of helping family members understand their unique experience of this transitional time, process their emotions, enhance distress tolerance skills, and effectively communicate with one another in a spirit of kindness and respect to prevent relational wounds, expedite the healing process, and protect family bonds.     

主观幸福感代际传递：有调节的中介效应

采用问卷法考察父母的主观幸福感与子女的主观幸福感的代际传递效应,同时探讨亲子沟通的中介作用和子女情感自主性的调节作用。结果发现：（1）父母的主观幸福感显著预测初中生子女的主观幸福感;（2）亲子沟通在父母的主观幸福感影响初中生子女的主观幸福感中起部分中介作用;（3）子女的情感自主性可以调节亲子沟通对初中生的子女主观幸福感的影响,情感自主性低的子女的主观幸福感更容易受到亲子沟通的影响,而情感自主性高的个体则会减弱亲子沟通的作用。     

Understanding the Point of Chimpanzee Pointing: Epigenesis and Ecological Validity

Abstract— Pointing has long been considered to be a uniquely human, universal, and biologically based gesture. However, pointing emerges spontaneously, without explicit training, in captive chimpanzees. Because pointing is commonplace in captive chimpanzees and virtually absent in wild chimpanzees, and because both captive and wild chimpanzees are sampled from the same gene pool, pointing by captive apes is attributable to environmental influences on communicative development. If pointing by captive chimpanzees is so variably expressed in different rearing environments, this suggests that pointing by humans may also be attributable to situational factors that make pointing effective in certain developmental contexts.     

从患者角度看循证医学

循证医学是一门发展中的朝阳学科,其哲学思想正发生着演绎.在临床医学领域中,其定义也在不断拓展、深化.当前,更加强调:循证医学应是一种人性化的医学实践方法,在临床决策中,仅靠证据还远远不够,应有效地融合病人的价值观及意愿选择.从患者的角度来认识循证医学的理念与方法,探讨循证实践中病人的价值观及意愿选择.     

介入手段与病人安全

卫生保健背景下,影响病人安全有4个基本要素或环节:规范做法、产品、操作和系统。这4个环节中任一出错,都会对病人安全带来直接的损害或不良影响,对它们进行有效控制就会使医疗错误降低到最低限度,使病人获得最大化的安全和收益。探讨介入诊疗手段在这4个方面对病人安全的潜在威胁。     

Social representations of organ donors and non‐donors

This paper illustrates the empirical investigation of social representations by means of photographs as stimulus material and the technique of correspondence analysis to study the resulting data. The research was part of a campaign carried out to promote organ donation in Malta. The study tries to find out whether a public communication campaign could change perceptions. Five focus groups were held before the campaign and another five, two months after the campaign. Part of the data collected through these focus groups was analysed using correspondence analysis. The results showed that before the campaign, donors were generally perceived to be either young or important people or public personalities. After the campaign, donors were perceived more to be ordinary family people, educated, generous and religious. On the other hand, before the campaign, non‐donors were seen as conservative, uncouth and uncaring, whereas after the campaign non‐donors were generally perceived to be older, uninformed and uneducated people. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The experiences of therapists using a new client‐centred psychometric instrument,PSYCHLOPS (Psychological Outcome Profiles)

PSYCHLOPS (‘Psychological Outcome Profiles’) is a newly developed client‐generated psychometric instrument which can be used as an outcome measure. Uniquely, it asks clients to state their own problems, in their own words. As part of its validation, we used it alongside an existing measure, CORE‐OM (‘Clinical Outcomes Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure’). Based on a qualitative methodology, we report here on the first‐hand experiences of four therapists using both instruments. The key themes that emerged from therapists’ responses were feasibility, validity and usefulness. Both questionnaires were perceived as complementing each other, the qualitative information from PSYCHLOPS balancing the quantitative information from CORE‐OM and that both could contribute to the therapist‐client interaction. The key features of PSYCHLOPS are likely to prove attractive to therapists and should increase acceptance and uptake of outcome measures.     

虚拟团队沟通模式对信任和绩效的作用

本研究采用资源两难的情景模拟．研究虚拟团队中沟通模式对于团队信任和绩效的作用,120名被试参与了实验。研究发现．虚拟团队在资源两难任务中．沟通模式对信任和绩效的作用均达到显著水平．团队的信任和绩效水平在网络式沟通模式中最高,其次是层级模式,在序列模式中最低,显示了沟通模式在虚拟团队中作用方式。