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901.
Richard Bourne 《The Journal of religious ethics》2014,42(1):78-107
This essay suggests that while Antony Duff's model of criminal punishment as secular penance is pregnant with possibilities for theological reception and reflection, it proceeds by way of a number of separations that are brought into question by the penitential traditions of Christianity. The first three of these—between justice and mercy, censure and invitation, and state and victim, constrain the true communicative character of his account of punishment. The second set of oppositions, between sacrament and virtue, interior character and external action, and formal and moral reconciliation, subject the model of state punishment as secular penance to problematic liberal and libertarian constraints. A postsecular analogy, outlining a theology of the invitational nature of divine judgment, and drawing on Thomas Aquinas's account of penance as both sacrament and virtue, is proposed. 相似文献
902.
An evaluation of delay to reinforcement and mand variability during functional communication training 下载免费PDF全文
Colin S. Muething Terry S. Falcomata Raechal Ferguson Samantha Swinnea Cayenne Shpall 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2018,51(2):263-275
Children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities often exhibit invariant responding (i.e., restricted behavioral repertoires), deficits in communication, and challenging behavior. Approaches demonstrated in the basic and applied literature to increase response variability include extinction, lag schedules of reinforcement, and percentile schedules of reinforcement. Results of basic studies have also indicated that delays to reinforcement often produce increases in response variability. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a delay to reinforcement on the variability of communication responses during functional communication training with individuals with developmental disabilities and histories of engaging in challenging behavior. Results indicated that delays to reinforcement increased mand variability with all four participants with variable effects on challenging behavior across participants. 相似文献
903.
904.
Individuals have a need to maintain positive social interactions, and with the advent of new-media technologies, there are a myriad ways individuals can satisfy this need by engaging socially in mediated (non-face-to-face) communication, hence the need for a special issue on “Relationships in the Digital Age.” The articles in this special issue reflect the need to answer theoretical questions brought forth by the increased tendency for individuals to create and maintain interpersonal relationships through mediated forms of communication. The commentary highlights the need for increased research on mediated interpersonal relationships by psychologists and discusses how the articles in the issue can be used to answer theoretical questions about mediated interpersonal communication. The article ends with speculation on how media may create social spaces that may be advantageous for some individuals. 相似文献
905.
Sadie Wickwar Hayley McBain Matthew R. Edmunds Daniel G. Ezra Geoffrey E. Rose 《Psychology, health & medicine》2018,23(4):475-484
Patients with appearance-altering conditions may be dissatisfied with the outcomes of reconstructive surgery due to unmet expectations. This study explored patients’ expectations of orbital decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease (TED) and whether these were met. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at two times: (1) in the weeks after patients were listed for decompression surgery and before surgery; (2) up to 12 months after surgery. Thematic analysis was performed for each time point, to identify themes within the data. Fourteen adults with TED were interviewed prior to surgery and five were followed up after surgery. Thematic analyses found: (1) Prior to surgery, patients had formed expectations through online information about the procedure, consultations with physicians, the impact TED had on their lives, and speaking to relevant others. Patients had specific expectations about the procedure, the recovery, post-operative appearance and post-operative vision. (2) After surgery, patients generally felt their appearance and well-being had improved. However, dissatisfaction was linked to unanticipated specific aspects of surgical care, recovery, or appearance. Dissatisfaction can arise from unmet expectations for the outcomes of reconstructive surgery. Physicians should be aware of the processes by which patients form expectations, for example different types and quality of online information. Ensuring that preoperative expectations are realistic could enhance satisfaction after surgery. 相似文献
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907.
Facial expressions convey not only emotions but also communicative information. Therefore, facial expressions should be analysed to understand communication. The objective of this study is to develop an automatic facial expression analysis system for extracting nonverbal communicative information. This study focuses on specific communicative information: emotions expressed through facial movements and the direction of the expressions. We propose a multi-tasking deep convolutional network (DCN) to classify facial expressions, detect the facial regions, and estimate face angles. We reformulate facial region detection and face angle estimation as regression problems and add task-specific output layers in the DCN’s architecture. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs all tasks accurately. In this study, we show the feasibility of the multi-tasking DCN for extracting nonverbal communicative information from a human face. 相似文献
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909.
Charles T. Snowdon 《Animal cognition》2001,4(3-4):247-257
Studies of vocal development in nonhuman primates have found little evidence for plasticity in vocal production, somewhat
more for usage of calls, with the greatest plasticity arising in response to calls of others. Generally, similar results were
obtained with callitrichid monkeys, the marmosets and tamarins, but with several interesting exceptions. Infant pygmy marmosets
show babbling behavior with improvement in adult call structure related to the amount and diversity of babbling. Adult marmosets
alter call structure in response to changes in social partners, and wild marmosets have vocal dialects and modify call structure
according to how far they are from other group members, suggesting the potential to modify call structure in different social
and environmental contexts, though direct learning of novel vocalizations has not been observed. Infant cotton-top tamarins
do not produce adult-like calls in appropriate contexts, at least in the first few months of life, but through food sharing
from adults infants learn about appropriate foods and the appropriate contexts for food vocalizations. Tamarins modify call
structure and usage with changes in social status. Tamarins, unlike other monkeys tested, can learn to avoid noxious foods
through observation of other group members, and can learn about novel food locations. Recent studies provide evidence of contextual
imitation in marmosets. The plasticity in vocal communication and evidence of social learning in marmosets and tamarins relative
to other monkeys may be related to the cooperative breeding system of marmosets and tamarins. With a high degree of behavioral
coordination among group members, there is a priority on monitoring signals and behavior of others and adjusting one's own
signals and behavior. This creates the context for vocal plasticity and social learning.
Accepted after revision: 23 May 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
910.