《易经·颐卦》考释

本文在对《颐卦》“口实”、《易传》“养”之义考释和对殷周之人对龟卜的态度进行考察的基础上,对《颐卦》卦爻辞进行解释。认为《颐卦》“口实”当取借口、依据之义,经传“养”当训为“象”、“相”,卦辞“观颐,自求口实”是“观察人的面部表情动作所传达的意见.为自己的行为寻找借口”之义,爻辞“朵颐”、“颠颐”、“拂经于丘颐”、“拂颐”、“拂经”、“虎视眈眈,其欲逐逐”等都是一些暗示人不同意见的面部表情语言、动作语言。全卦实际上反映了商周之际人们思想的转变以及在人意、龟卜结果之间取舍的矛盾复杂心态。     

NICOTINE FADING AND SELF-MONITORING FOR CIGARETTE ABSTINENCE OR CONTROLLED SMOKING

This study compared four treatment approaches to cigarette smoking: (1) a nicotine fading procedure, in which subjects changed their cigarette brands each week to ones containing progressively less nicotine and tar; (2) a self-monitoring procedure in which subjects plotted their daily intake of nicotine and tar; (3) a combined nicotine fading/self-monitoring procedure; and (4) a slightly modified American Cancer Society Stop Smoking Program. Thirty-eight habitual smokers were assigned to one of the treatment groups. The study had two goals: (1) to achieve a clinically significant percentage of abstinence, and (2) to reduce the nonabstainers' smoking to a “safer” level by having them smoke low tar and nicotine cigarettes. The 18-month followup results showed that the nicotine fading/self-monitoring group was the most successful: 40 per cent were abstinent and all who had not quit were smoking cigarettes lower in tar and nicotine than their baseline brands. Half the nonabstainers had decreased their rate of smoking relative to baseline while the other half had increased. Furthermore, the fading/self-monitoring group achieved the largest reductions from baseline in daily nicotine and tar intake (61% and 70% respectively). The results suggest that the study's goals were achieved and that the nonaversive combined procedure could be used to treat not only habitual smokers but also smokers with severe cardiovascular and respiratory problems, because it does not have some of the inherent limitations of the successful aversive smoking cessation procedures.     

中国古代学者论志意本质

中国古代的意志理论非常丰富,从志意概念、志意本质、志意关系、志意功能到志意的培养诸方面都有涉及。本研究着重讨论中国古代学者关于意志本质的观点。     

汉字部件信息数据库的建立──部件和部件组合频率的统计分析

用ＦｏｘＢＡＳＥ语言统计了６７６３个基本汉字集合中的部件和部件组合的频度信息,建立了“部件数据库”和“部件组合数据库”。前者包含５６７个部件;后者包含汉字中实际存在的７５８３个两部件组合。统计结果表明部件和部件组合均呈偏态分布,绝大多数的频率很低。这两个数据库不仅可应用于研究汉字认知中整体和局部的关系、汉字的学习和记忆,而且也可供汉字学的定量研究、中文信息的计算机处理研究参考。     

Interdisziplinarität und Wissensentwicklung

Interdisciplinarity and the Development of Knowledge. The author is engaged in the question how to explain the development of scientific meanings of facts which does not coincide with producing them rather with processes of the scientists' public communication. So long as the facts are adjustable to the conventional theories of those discipline which the researcher belongs to this connection does not reveal perfectly clear. More instructive is a consideration of so-called anomalies. The author demonstrates with an example of the history of science that researchers in case of new phenomena use to borrow concepts from other disciplines for resolving the interpretative problems. It emerges a loose net-work of concepts. In this way the researchers are producing a disciplinary mixed public at the same time. This process is seen as an important phase of the development of new theories and, complementary, new disciplines.     

Book reviews

Books reviewed:
Jones, J. D. F., Storyteller. The Many Lives of Laurens van der Post.
Fonagy, Peter, Attachment Theory and Psychoanalysis.
Hedges, Lawrence E, Terrifying Transferences. Aftershocks of Childhood Trauma.
Fordham, Michael, The Making of an Analyst. A Memoir.     

孔子与《易传》--论儒家形上学体系的建立

《易传》为道德的存在提供了形上学依据 ,其中的“尽性至命”是对传统的道德功利论的突破。《易传》是《春秋》乃至整个孔学的理论基石     

论《易传》的学派属性--与陈鼓应先生商榷

关于古书学派属性的判定 ,首先应辨析其最高范畴与核心理念 ,其次应观其学术方向 ,看其学其术到底要把社会引向何方 ?最后还要考察其与历史文献之关系。由是观之 ,《易传》为儒家的典籍 ,殆无疑义。陈鼓应先生所说《易传》与黄老、稷下道家之同 ,只是表明了《易传》对此两派道家之影响 ,而不是相反