False Though Partly True – An Experiment in Logic

We explore in an experimental spirit the prospects for extending classical propositional logic with a new operator P intended to be interpreted when prefixed to a formula as saying that formula in question is at least partly true. The paradigm case of something which is, in the sense envisaged, false though still partly true is a conjunction one of whose conjuncts is false while the other is true. Ideally, we should like such a logic to extend classical logic – or any fragment thereof under consideration – conservatively, to be closed under uniform substitution (of arbitrary formulas for sentence letters or propositional variables), and to allow the substitutivity of provably equivalent formulas salva provabilitate. To varying degrees, we experience some difficulties only with this last (congruentiality) desideratum in the two four-valued logics we end up giving our most extended consideration to.     

On relative universality and Q-universality

Adams and Dziobiak proved that any finite-to-finite universal quasivariety must be Q-universal, and then asked whether a somewhat weaker hypothesis could lead to the same conclusion. We show that their original hypothesis cannot be weakened to its naturally extreme form.To Professor Ale Pultr on his 65th birthdayThe authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSERC of Canada, of the project LN00A056 of the Czech Ministry of Education, and also of the Grant Agency of Czech Republic under the grant 201/02/0148.Special issue of Studia Logica: Algebraic Theory of Quasivarieties Presented by M. E. Adams, K. V. Adaricheva, W. Dziobiak, and A. V. Kravchenko     

Neoliberalism versus distributional autonomy: the skipped step in rawls’s the law of peoples

Debates about global distributive justice focus on the gulf between the wealthy North and the impoverished South, rather than on issues arising between liberal democracies. A review of John Rawls’s approach to international justice discloses a step Rawls skipped in his extension of his original-position procedure. The skipped step is where a need for the distributional autonomy of sovereign liberal states reveals itself. Neoliberalism denies the possibility and the desirability of distributional autonomy. A complete Rawlsian account of global justice shows the necessity and possibility of a charter between liberal states, assuring each a proper minimum degree of distributional autonomy     

When does priming justice promote forgiveness? On the importance of distributive and procedural justice for self and others

Two studies show that thinking about justice can both enhance and impede forgiveness, depending on whether thoughts about distributive and procedural justice for self and others are activated. In Study 1 (n = 197), participants expressed more forgiveness towards a prior transgressor when primed to think about justice for self or procedural justice for others, and less forgiveness when primed to think about distributive justice for others. Study 2 (n = 231) used an alternate priming method and replicated these effects by inducing an interpersonal transgression and measuring forgiveness intentions, emotions and behavior. Study 2 also showed that priming justice influences forgiveness especially when the perceived severity of an interpersonal offense is high. The current research shows that activating justice cognitions can enhance or impinge on forgiveness in predictable ways. We discuss contributions to emerging justice theory, potential implications, and future directions.     

Duality and Canonical Extensions of Bounded Distributive Lattices with Operators,and Applications to the Semantics of Non-Classical Logics II

The main goal of this paper is to explain the link between the algebraic models and the Kripke-style models for certain classes of propositional non-classical logics. We consider logics that are sound and complete with respect to varieties of distributive lattices with certain classes of well-behaved operators for which a Priestley-style duality holds, and present a way of constructing topological and non-topological Kripke-style models for these types of logics. Moreover, we show that, under certain additional assumptions on the variety of the algerabic models of the given logics, soundness and completeness with respect to these classes of Kripke-style models follows by using entirely algebraical arguments from the soundness and completeness of the logic with respect to its algebraic models.     

分配公平与程序公平对工作倦怠的影响

根据3家企业294份调查问卷的结果对工作倦怠量表MBI-GS进行了修订。然后,利用修订的MBI-GS和组织公平量表在6家企业进行了调查,524份有效问卷的调查进一步验证了MBI-GS的构想效度和信度;t检验和方差分析结果表明,人口统计学变量会影响组织公平和工作倦怠;分层回归的结果发现,在控制了人口统计学变量后,组织公平对工作倦怠具有较强的预测作用;进一步的优势分析表明,预测情绪衰竭时,分配公平相对来说更重要,贡献了已解释方差的65.91%;预测玩世不恭时,程序公平相对来说更重要,贡献了已解释方差的56.07%     

人类基因编辑技术对运气平等主义的挑战及应对

运气平等主义区分选择和运气,强调具体责任原则,认为个体选择导致的不利处境不应该得到社会补偿。人类基因编辑技术的高速发展使得自由主义优生得以可能,父母可以自主设计下一代的基因构成,并为此承担责任。然而,由于个体选择的是定义人类自然本性的生物素质,具体责任原则在人类基因编辑技术实践中引发新的挑战：打破分配正义预设;难以厘清责任归属;破坏责任承担自由意志;加剧社会不平等。为了使人类基因编辑技术更好地促进社会正义,需要重申平等对待原则,加强责任伦理,以及完善社会保障机制。

     

绩效、能力、职位对组织分配公平观的影响

旨在探索基于组织分配公平的认知评价和决策行为的影响因素,为此提出了不公平阈限的概念,即在追求公平和谋求自我利益的动机权衡中,个体为了追求公平而愿意放弃的最高限度的个人利益。采用最后通牒博弈和独裁者博弈的二阶段实验范式,样本量为60。结果发现,工作绩效、工作能力均对个体的不公平阈限有显著的影响;对于公平判断和基于公平的回应行为,工作绩效起着首要作用,工作能力的影响次之,再次是对方的提议数额的影响。第一阶段对方提议的分配方案对被试越有利,则第二阶段被试的回应行为越有利于对方。排除能力差别的作用之后,职位差别并未引起不公平阈限的显著差异。根据研究结果,总结出分配公平的三项原则：绩效原则、能力原则和互惠原则