Out of our skulls: How the extended mind thesis can extend psychiatry

The thesis that mental states extend beyond the skull, otherwise known as the extended mind thesis (ExM), has attracted considerable philosophical attention and support. It has also been accused of lacking practical import. At the same time, the field of psychiatry has remained largely unacquainted with ExM, tending to rely instead upon what ExM proponents would consider to be outdated models of the mind. ExM and psychiatry, therefore, have much to offer one another, but the connection between the two has remained largely unexplored. Here, I consider what implications ExM may have for psychiatry and, in so doing, reveal how psychiatry may lend practical import to ExM. First, I detail the possibility of the extension of one mental state relevant to psychiatry. I augment this example by surveying other possibilities for extension in the context of psychiatric diagnoses. I then consider ways in which such extensions might alter psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. Overall, I argue that recognition of the truth of ExM could alter the diagnostic status of certain individuals by correcting both false positives and false negatives, re-conceptualize certain aspects of treatment, help us re-envision psychiatric research, and potentially increase empathy towards those individuals considered to be mentally disordered or mentally different.     

Pabiku and Ga Ti Ga: Two Mechanisms Infants Use to Learn About the World

Some of the things that adults learn about language, and about the world, are very specific, whereas others are more abstract or rulelike. This article reviews evidence showing that infants, too, can very rapidly acquire both specific and abstract information, and considers the mechanisms that infants might use in doing so.     

大脑腹侧视觉通路知觉表征神经机制研究

大脑腹侧视觉通路知觉表征的神经机制是认知神经科学研究面临的基本问题。本文系统介绍了该问题研究中比较有影响力的理论模型,归纳分析了模型之间的分歧与各自的局限。文章分析指出大脑自上而下的调控机制是腹侧视觉通路神经表征机制问题研究的另一重要维度,如何有效整合知觉表征模型与大脑调控机制的相关研究是进一步深化知觉表征神经机制问题研究的关键。     

交互式认知：隐性知识的认知机制

在社会建构论和分布式认知等相关理论的基础上,结合隐性知识的特点提出了交互式认知理论,目的在于揭示隐性知识的认知机制。交互式认知是指不同知识主体认知的相互影响和相互作用的过程,其中师傅带徒弟和实践社区这是企业管理实践中最为常见的两种隐性知识传播形式,     

MV-Algebras and Quantum Computation

We introduce a generalization of MV algebras motivated by the investigations into the structure of quantum logical gates. After laying down the foundations of the structure theory for such quasi-MV algebras, we show that every quasi-MV algebra is embeddable into the direct product of an MV algebra and a “flat” quasi-MV algebra, and prove a completeness result w.r.t. a standard quasi-MV algebra over the complex numbers. Presented by Heinrich Wansing     

阅读中的眼动控制理论与SWIFT模型

随着眼动研究的深入,近年来研究者受注意梯度指导理论影响,结合心理学的最新发展以及在相关实验研究的基础上提出了新的理论模型,其中最具代表性的是SWIFT模型。SWIFT模型遵循3条基本原则：（1）一定注意范围内的分布式词汇加工;（2）眼跳计划和目标选择的分离;（3）伴随中央凹目标抑制的眼跳机制。在构架上,该模型主要有两大功能模块：词汇加工和眼跳编程     

汉字、拼音、英文Stroop干扰效应的比较研究

本研究通过比较汉字、拼音和英文的Stroop干扰效应,考察文字系统的差异能否影响Stroop干扰效应。结果表明汉字、拼音、英文在Stroop任务中的干扰效应依次降低。组块之间的比较表明随着刺激的重复呈现,汉字、拼音、英文的Stroop干扰效应都逐渐变小且趋于相同。对Stroop效应更加合理的理论解释是整合了文字加工过程的平行分布加工模型。     

面向隐喻计算的语料库研究和建设

汉语隐喻计算化研究是中文自然语言处理领域的一个前沿课题,然而研究所需要的隐喻语料资源却极其有限,对隐喻计算研究的发展形成了一定的对影响。本文主要研究了面向隐喻计算的语料库的设计和构建方法,并设计构建了一个具有一万句规模62万字的汉语隐喻标注句库以及一个面向隐喻识别的汉语常用动词搭配库。这些资源的构建建立在对隐喻现象的深入分析基础之上,是隐喻计算模型研究的基础性资源,对汉语隐喻的认知计算有着积极意义。     

语义启动模型以及启动范围

启动效应一般分为两种——知觉启动和语义启动(概念启动)。语义启动的范式逐渐成为研究语义知识在大脑中是如何存储的主要研究手段。该文针对语义启动发生的3种机制:激活扩散模型,复合线索模型和分布式记忆模型进行了简要的评述,并且重点介绍了分布式记忆模型。同时对启动效应可以激活语义知识的范围作了一个简要的概括。     

学习因素对语义信息加工性质的影响

本研究通过两个行为实验,采用句子核证作业,将SAD技术和范畴学习范式有机地结合起来,对语义信息加工进程以及学习因素在其中的作用进行了考察。实验一研究了熟悉性对语义信息加工的影响。结果表明,高熟悉句的部分信息积累具有离散的趋势;低熟悉句的部分信息积累是连续性的。实验二采用范畴学习。并结合SAD技术的句子核证作业．考察了在学习过程中语义加工性质的变化。结果发现：过度学习比初始学习有更多的部分信息积累,并随信号间隔的延长而逐渐增加;过度学习表现出部分信息积累的离散性变化;初始学习则表现出连续累积的趋势。说明学习确实造成了连续性加工向离散性质的过渡。