中药传统文化保护的现状与问题研究

中药为我国的国民健康做出了巨大贡献,并已走向世界,但是,我国的中药产业并没有得到繁荣。出现这种现象,与我国实施与中药传统文化不相适宜的专利、商标、商业秘密、地理标志等西方创造的知识产权制度保护中药有关,我国的《中药品种保护条例》存在问题,我国缺乏中药传统文化创新激励机制和自主制定的中药国际法体系。因此,为了有效保护中药传统文化,必须建立适合我国中药文化特色的保护制度和创新激励机制。     

论医学人文属性复归的途径

医学本是自然科学和人文社会科学的统一体 ,但因历史和现实的诸多原因 ,导致医学中人文属性的严重缺失。分析了人文缺失的直接原因和深层根源 ,强调了医学人文社会属性的不可缺失性 ,提出了医学人文属性复归之途径     

Interpolation and Amalgamation; Pushing the Limits. Part II

This is the second part of the paper [Part I] which appeared in the previous issue of this journal.     

The conjunctive model of hierarchical classes

This paper describes the conjunctive counterpart of De Boeck and Rosenberg's hierarchical classes model. Both the original model and its conjunctive counterpart represent the set-theoretical structure of a two-way two-mode binary matrix. However, unlike the original model, the new model represents the row-column association as a conjunctive function of a set of hypothetical binary variables. The conjunctive nature of the new model further implies that it may represent some conjunctive higher order dependencies among rows and columns. The substantive significance of the conjunctive model is illustrated with empirical applications. Finally, it is shown how conjunctive and disjunctive hierarchical classes models relate to Galois lattices, and how hierarchical classes analysis can be useful to construct lattice models of empirical data.The research reported in this paper was supported by NATO (Grant CRG.921321 to Iven Van Mechelen and Seymour Rosenberg) and by the Research Fund of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Grants PDM92/19 and POR93/3 to Iven Van Mechelen; Grants OT89/9 and F91/56 to Paul De Boeck).     

Independence and Property in Kant's Rechtslehre

I argue that the freedom which is to coexist with the freedom of choice of others in accordance with a universal law mentioned in Kant's Rechtslehre is not itself freedom of choice. Rather, it is the independence which is a condition of being able to exercise genuine free choice by not having to act in accordance with the choices of others. Kant's distinction between active and passive citizenship appears, however, to undermine this idea of independence, because the possession of a certain type of property right on the part of some citizens makes it possible for them to dominate others. Kant's account of property in this way turns out to be central to the question as to whether his Rechtslehre represents an internally consistent account of how freedom can be guaranteed within a legal and political community. I go on to argue that Kant's attempt to justify a pre-political right of property cannot be viewed as a successful justification of private property, and that he should have abandoned the notion of such a right together with any presumption in favour of private property.     

Age and sex-related differences in threat perception in a modern urban society

A sample of 1,200 urban Israelis were tested on their perception of threatening situations in everyday life by means of a questionnaire portraying typical scenarios incorporating the variables physical threat, loss of property, and territorial invasion. Significant differences were found with regard to the age and sex of the respondents in their perception of what constituted an anxiety-provoking situation. Both young and old men and women perceived overt physical threat in public as being the most hazardous scenario. Men and women between the ages of 20 and 39 differed significantly in their perceptions of threat. Women perceived potential rape situations as being the most hazardous, whereas the corresponding variable for a high percentage of the men was loss of property. Both men and women in this age group, however, regarded invasion of personal living space while they were present and unaware as being highly anxiety provoking. The findings are discussed and biological differences in human perception of what constitutes a threatening situation postulated.     

多层次研究的数据聚合适当性检验:文献评价与关键问题试解

组织管理领域的多层次研究经常需要测量共享单位特性构念, 常用方法是将单位内若干个体成员的评分聚合到单位层次, 确保聚合后的分数具有充分代表性的统计前提是通过聚合适当性检验。聚合适当性检验的常用指标是组内一致性r_WG和组内信度ICC(1)、ICC(2), 但目前学界对于这两类指标何者更优、r_WG的原分布选择和数据清理、各指标的划界值等关键问题存在诸多争议。为此, 首先对国内9份管理学、心理学期刊2014年以来发表的166篇包含聚合适当性检验的论文进行内容分析, 并以Journal of Applied Psychology上的85篇论文为对比, 查明常规实践中的共性问题, 进而提出实践建议:(1)明确功能定位, 将r_WG作为聚合适当性指标, ICC(1)和ICC(2)分别作为效度、信度指标。(2)计算r_WG时审慎选择原分布, 排除组内一致性过低的组。(3)为各指标设定更加合理、有适度灵活性的划界值, 停止使用武断、粗糙的经验标准。最后, 强调研究者在模型构建和聚合决策中应加强理论考量, 避免片面依赖统计检验结果。     

Approximately Efficient Solutions in Vector Optimization

An approach to approximating solutions in vector optimization is developed for vector optimization problems with arbitrary ordering cones. This paper presents a study of approximately efficient points of a given set with respect to a convex cone in an ordered Banach space. Existence results for such approximately efficient points are obtained. A domination property related to these existence results is observed and then it is proved that each element of a given set is approximated by the sum of a point in a convex cone inducing the ordering and a point in a finite set consisting of such approximately efficient points of the set.     

Priestley Duality for Quasi-Stone Algebras

In this paper we describe the Priestley space of a quasi-Stone algebra and use it to show that the class of finite quasi-Stone algebras has the amalgamation property. We also describe the Priestley space of the free quasi-Stone algebra over a finite set. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Makers' Rights

This paper examines the thesis that human labor creates property rights in or from previously unowned objects by virtue of labor's power to make new things. This thesis is considered for two possible roles: first, as a thesis to which John Locke might have been committed in his writings on property; and second, as a thesis of independent plausibility that could serve as part of a defensible contemporary theory of property rights. Understanding Locke as committed to the thesis of makers' rights has seemed to many of the best known recent Locke scholars to explain and unify Locke's various claims about property in a way that more traditional labor-mixing interpretations cannot. This paper argues that there is in fact no convincing evidence in Locke's texts to suggest any commitment to the thesis of makers' rights for humans. Further, not only does a version of the traditional labor-mixing argument yield a much superior interpretation of Locke's writings, it is an argument that is far more convincing than makers' rights arguments, quite independent of its usefulness in the interpretation of Locke's theory.