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31.
The current literature suggests that individuals who chronically abuse alcohol exhibit a wide variety of cognitive deficits
resulting from cerebral dysfunction that is either directly or indirectly related to their alcohol consumption history. Cognitive
deficits have been hypothesized as having implications for standard alcohol treatment efficacy as they may directly affect
cognitively impaired individuals’ abilities to utilize various treatment modalities. Although evidence is accumulating that
suggests this is actually the case, the majority of alcohol treatment programs neither directly consider the impact cognitive
deficits have on treatment efficacy nor do they employ cognitive rehabilitation treatment strategies to remediate identified
cognitive deficits. Few studies exist that investigate the remediability of neurobehavioral deficits or the efficacy of integrating
cognitive rehabilitation strategies into more traditional treatment programs. Empirical investigations conducted to date indicate
that some cognitive deficiencies secondary to alcoholism are amenable to cognitive rehabilitation and this remediation is
generalizable. Rigorous well-controlled treatment outcome investigations are needed in order to determine the efficacy of
cognitive rehabilitation techniques in naturalistic settings using ecological outcome measures. Also, emphasis should be placed
on integrating cognitive rehabilitation techniques with proven efficacy into traditional alcoholism treatment programs. 相似文献
32.
Gregory R. Peterson 《Zygon》1997,32(2):189-206
Does God have a mind? Western theism has traditionally construed God as an intentional agent who acts on creation and in relation to humankind. God loves, punishes, and redeems. God's intentionality has traditionally been construed in analogy to human intentionality, which in turn has often presumed a supernatural dualism. Developments in cognitive science, however, render supernatural dualism suspect for explaining the human mind. How, then, can we speak of the mind of God? Borrowing from Daniel Dennett's intentional stance, I suggest that analogical reasoning regarding the mind of God be abandoned in favor of an ontologically agnostic approach that treats God as an intentional system. In this approach, God's purposive action is an explanatory feature of the believer's universe, a real pattern that informs our values and beliefs about the world and our place in it. 相似文献
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Brian K. Martens Tracy A. Bradley Tanya L. Eckert 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1997,30(3):569-572
We examined the effects of three reinforcement histories on the persistence of task engagement by 2 fourth-grade students using a partially counterbalanced ABCDBCD design. In each condition, an experimenter made four student contacts during the first 2 min of each session (reinforcement baseline), followed by an 8-min extinction period. The reinforcement history that contained an instructional control component produced the greatest persistence in student engagement. The applied relevance of instructional control is discussed. 相似文献
35.
汉字内隐记忆的实验研究(Ⅱ):任务分离和反应倾向 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在实验I的基础上,操纵学习时的呈现时间(250ms,500ms,750ms)和注意变量(目标和非目标字),运用任务分离方法及间接证明逻辑,比较了再认测验和整字偏好测验在不同条件下的辨别力(A′)和反应倾向(B″)。结果:(1)双向功能分离的出现表明再认测验和偏好测验存在本质差异。根据“过程纯净”假设,可以推证内隐记忆存在于偏好测验中。此时,匹配比较法的标准未满足。(2)偏好测验中,500ms呈现目标字时,有显著正向启动效应:750ms呈现非目标字时,有显著负向启动效应。(3)内隐记忆和外显记忆发生时,都具有稳定的心理状态。但是前者的报告标准较松宽,而后者的较严格。 相似文献
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The effects of functional communication training, extinction, and response chaining on 3 subjects' escape-maintained aberrant behavior were evaluated using a multielement design. Functional communication training consisted of teaching subjects a verbal response that was functionally equivalent to their aberrant behavior. Subjects initially were allowed to escape from a task contingent on the trained verbal response. In subsequent treatment phases, escape was contingent on the trained verbal response plus the completion of the specified number of steps in the task (response chaining). The number of steps was increased until a subject completed the task to obtain a break. Results showed that the treatment reduced rates of aberrant behavior and that the chaining procedure was effective in decreasing the availability of escape. 相似文献
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