How does reading direction modulate perceptual asymmetry effects?

Left-side bias effects refer to a bias towards the left side of the stimulus/space in perceptual/visuospatial judgments, and are argued to reflect dominance of right hemisphere processing. It remains unclear whether reading direction can also account for the bias effect. Previous studies comparing readers of languages read from left to right with those read from right to left (e.g., French vs. Hebrew) have obtained inconsistent results. As a language that can be read from left to right or from right to left, Chinese provides a unique opportunity for a within-culture examination of reading direction effects. Chinese participants performed a perceptual judgment task (with both face and Chinese character stimuli; Experiment 1) and two visuospatial attention tasks (the greyscales and line bisection tasks; Experiment 2) once before and once after a reading task, in which they read Chinese passages either from left to right or from right to left for about 20 min. After reading from right to left, participants showed significantly reduced left-side bias in Chinese character perceptual judgments but not in the other three tasks. This effect suggests that the role of reading direction on different forms of left-side bias may differ, and its modulation may be stimulus-specific.     

Is anxiety about health associated with desire to exercise, physical activity, and exercise dependence?

There are significant gaps in the literature regarding the behavioural consequences of health anxiety. Although past research indicates that health anxiety is associated with distinctive maladaptive behaviours, such as reassurance seeking, the relationship between health anxiety and wellness-related behaviours, such as physical activity, has not been adequately examined. Given that health anxiety is associated with excessive attempts to ensure health and avoid illness, health anxiety could be potentially related to extreme physical activity, known as exercise dependence. Using the cognitive behavioural model of health anxiety as a framework, this exploratory study investigated the relationships between health anxiety, exercise desire, physical activity, and exercise dependence.Undergraduate university students (n = 144) completed a battery of online measures. Results indicated that only the perceptual component of health anxiety, namely hypervigilance to somatic symptoms, was related to exercise desire and components of exercise dependence. Implications of the findings are discussed and future research avenues are explored.     

唯物辩证法在院前心肺复苏实践中的指导作用

在院前心肺复苏实践中,我们会遇到很多矛盾的问题。本文从唯物辩证法的角度出发,分析了院前心肺复苏中一些比较棘手的问题,并为解决这些问题提出建议,对从事院前急救的医学专业人士以及非医学专业人士均具有一定的启发意义。     

Psychometric Validation of the Temptation and Restraint Inventory in Two Samples of College Drinkers1

Drinking restraint, commonly measured by the Temptation and Restraint Inventory (TRI; Collins & Lapp, 1992), refers to a cycle of temptation to drink alcohol and attempts to control alcohol use that results in excessive consumption. Recent research has examined college drinkers using the TRI, however, it has been validated only in adult samples. This study validated the TRI in two samples of college drinkers, designated as “hazardous” (n = 480) and “harmful” (n = 231) drinkers. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the previously reported higher order two-factor structure was identified in both samples. In addition, multiple regression analyses using derived component scores demonstrated that TRI performance was associated with degree of alcohol dependence in both samples. These data support the use of the TRI in college samples.These data were previously presented in November 2002 at the 36th annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Reno, NV     

Spatial attentional distribution is modulated by head direction during eccentric gaze

Visual perception during eccentric gaze can be facilitated when a visual stimulus appears in front of the head direction. This study investigated the relative effects of gaze location and head direction on visual perception in central and peripheral vision. Participants identified the orientation of a T-shaped figure presented in the centre of a monitor and simultaneously localised a dot appearing in the periphery, while head direction relative to gaze location was to the left, right or centre. Effects of head direction were found only when the dot appeared far from the gaze fixation point, such that dot detection was superior when it appeared to the left (right) of fixation in the left (right) head direction. Experimental results indicated this was not due to a small shift of gaze location. Thus this study suggests that head direction influences visual perception particularly in peripheral vision where visual acuity decreases.     

人格情绪导向模式--对H管理理论的研究

本研究从《H管理理论》的人格情绪导向模式 (心理应激——情绪——社会支持——工作行为 )的角度出发 ,探讨了该模式所包含的这几个成分之间的关系 ,我们的研究发现工作应激在该模式中起着中介的作用 ,并对工作行为具有很强的影响 ,这为实际工作情境中的管理者提供了一定的借鉴     

Exercise Dependence: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Issues for Patients in Psychotherapy

Health promotion and exercise is recognized as an important ingredient in health maintenance. Within the diagnostic category of obsessive-compulsive disorders has been the increased recognition by clinicians of a phenomena best described as exercise dependence. Reviewed herein is its definition, theoretical framework and a spectrum of factors often associated with exercise. Realizing that exercise dependence as a clinical entity is not yet recognized in either the International Classification of Disorders (ICD-9) or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-R), proposed criteria for its inclusion are offered. Where a pattern of behavior shows the presence of symptoms consistent with exercise dependence, clinical diagnosis should be made to assure that appropriate treatment might be offered to manage the condition and continue to make exercise an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations are offered for the contemporary psychotherapist.     

中国传统经济伦理及其现代变革论纲

要建设社会主义市场经济体系,必须对传统经济伦理进行根本的变革：(1)变革“重公轻私”的产权伦理;(2)变革“不患贫而患不均”的分配伦理;(3)变革通行于熟人社会的“诚信”道德;(4)变革“家庭主义”。但由于存在着制度变迁的路径依赖,因而“传统经济伦理”的现代变革将是一个相当困难的过程。     

刍议综合性大学医学教育的发展方向

国际上一流的综合性大学都设有医学院,高水平的医学院也基本上都在综合性大学内。据此提出现阶段我国综合性大学医学教育应向研究型、国际化、现代化的方向发展,并就其发展对策提出了自己的看法。     

Factor copula models for mixed data

We develop factor copula models to analyse the dependence among mixed continuous and discrete responses. Factor copula models are canonical vine copulas that involve both observed and latent variables, hence they allow tail, asymmetric and nonlinear dependence. They can be explained as conditional independence models with latent variables that do not necessarily have an additive latent structure. We focus on important issues of interest to the social data analyst, such as model selection and goodness of fit. Our general methodology is demonstrated with an extensive simulation study and illustrated by reanalysing three mixed response data sets. Our studies suggest that there can be a substantial improvement over the standard factor model for mixed data and make the argument for moving to factor copula models.