Evidence for the DTA hypothesis II: Threatening self-esteem increases death-thought accessibility

Three studies assessed the impact of self-esteem threat on death-thought accessibility (DTA). Increased DTA resulted from three distinct types of self-esteem threat. Studies 1 and 2 employed negative feedback procedures in which participants were told that they scored below average on an intelligence test (Study 1), or that their personality was incongruent for their desired career path (Study 2). In Study 3, participants were led to believe that they would give an ill prepared speech in front of their peers. In Studies 1 and 2 DTA was assessed via reaction times on a lexical decision task, while Study 3 employed a word-fragment completion task. Study 3 demonstrated the DTA buffering effect of fortifying self-esteem via self-affirmation. Discussion focused on general implications for TMT, self-esteem, and mental health.     

It’s not just what you say but when you say it: Self-presentation and temporal construal

Three experiments demonstrated that the use and effectiveness of self-presentation strategies are affected by time. In Experiment 1, participants used more indirect self-presentation statements for the distant than near future, but used more direct self-presentation statements for the near than distant future. In Experiment 2, participants for whom indirect self-presentation strategies were made accessible rated a future interview as more temporally distant than those for whom direct self-presentation strategies were made accessible. In Experiment 3, participants rated their self-presentation attempts as more effective if they used direct strategies for the near future and indirect strategies for the distant future. Implications for studying the timing of self-presentation and its relation to temporal construal levels are discussed.     

论医院实行单病种限价的伦理学价值

从单病种限价在医院内部管理机制等方面的作用出发,探讨了实施单病种限价的伦理价值基础和伦理学意义。认为单病种限价政策能促使医院形成“以人为本”的管理理念,切实维护患者利益,培养医务人员的医德素质,促使医院重视德源资产和品牌形象的建设,强化医务人员精益求精的科学精神,取信于民并帮助医院树立诚信的道德形象,是医院可持续发展的可取途径。     

Effects of trusting and being trusted on team citizenship behaviours in chain stores

Previous studies showed a robust and positive relationship between subordinates' trust for leaders and their individual organizational citizenship behaviours. Building on this foundation, we examined two extensions. First, based on the team citizenship behaviours approach, we studied whether the same relationship held at the group level. Second, drawing from literature on leadership and self-efficacy, we studied whether leaders' perceptions of being trusted by their subordinates mattered in this trust relationship; we also examined how this perception affected team citizenship behaviours. Results showed that subordinates' trust for leaders and team citizenship behaviours were positively related at the team level. When leaders felt more trusted, teams showed more citizenship behaviours. Beyond these main effects, leaders' felt trust was found to negatively moderate the relationship between staff trust for leaders and team citizenship behaviours. Theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.     

化疗导致卵巢功能损害防护研究的进展

卵巢功能损害和早衰是女性恶性肿瘤患者进行化疗后常见的一个重要远期并发症,尤其对于育龄期和幼龄期的患者,化疗所造成卵巢功能的损害而引起的早绝经和不孕会严重影响她们的自尊和生活质量,本文从认识论的观点,阐述对化疗造成卵巢功能损害进行防护的有关研究进展。     

四元生命管理之理念初探

只有从研究个体的先天体质入手,剖析个体生命特征,根据生命体自身的变化规律,预测生命各阶段将出现的各种问题,才能针对性地对个体生命的全过程进行全面地分析、评估、监测、预防、干预和维护。四元生命管理即为凸显个体独特性的、从测评先天体质入手、强调四元平衡互动的、对生命全过程进行的管理。     

大型教学医院应加强肿瘤疾病数据库的建设

建立恶性肿瘤疾病数据库（carcinoma cases database,CCD）来管理肿瘤患者的临床资料是临床医学信息化、现代化的迫切要求和必然趋势。大型教学医院应充分利用资源优势,遵循可行性、实用性原则,加强CCD的建设,以实现对肿瘤病人临床资料规范、系统、便捷的管理,更好地开展临床、教学和科研工作,评估肿瘤疾病的疗效及完善病例的随访追踪。     

浅析护理缺陷管理

通过对四年来护士发生护理缺陷的种类及主要责任护士的年龄、工作年限,发生的原因及结果进行分析,探索杜绝护理缺陷和医疗纠纷的途径,来不断深入和完善预防措施。对我院2004年～2007年发生的18例护理缺陷进行总结、分析原因,制定整改意见,监督整改结果,以完善防范手段。护士是高风险职业,护理缺陷的发生在各个年龄段,各个工作年限都会因工作的粗心大意而发生,发生的种类也是各不相同的,因此,护理缺陷的发生与护理人员的责任心、工作经验和应变能力息息相关,即使工作经验丰富的护士也会因为一时的细节疏忽而导致护理缺陷的发生。加强缺陷管理和护士安全教育,强化法制观念采取奖惩并用手段,对降低护理缺陷发生有很大作用。     

医患间的人际冲突与管理策略

医患间人际冲突是影响医患关系的重要因素,它对医患关系不仅能够产生消极的结果,还能够产生建设性的结果。分析了医患间人际冲突的本质、来源、影响以及冲突管理策略,旨在促进人们通过理解冲突的本质和产生的原因,实行有效的冲突管理策略,使冲突得到建设性解决,促进良好的医患关系的建立。     

论医院管理的人文特征

医院是人类最需人文关怀的场所。医院管理的内在本质特征在于其人文性——以人为本,即对内管理以员工为本,以尊重医院员工为根本,以关爱医院员工为重心,对外服务以患者为本,医院管理以患者为中心,医者行医以患者为中心。理清和认识医院管理的人文内涵与特征,是医院建设的重要认识任务和基础使命。