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51.
A major virtue of the Pragma-Dialectical theory of argumentation is its commitment to reasonableness and rationality as central
criteria of argumentative quality. However, the account of these key notions offered by the originators of this theory, Frans
van Eemeren and Rob Grootendorst, seems to us problematic in several respects. In what follows we criticize that account and
suggest an alternative, offered elsewhere, that seems to us to be both independently preferable and more in keeping with the
epistemic approach to arguments and argumentation we favor.
相似文献
John BiroEmail: |
52.
Suppose an individual loses an irreplaceable object and someone else is at fault. How much should he be compensated? Normatively, compensation should equal the value (utility) to the victim. Our experiments demonstrate that compensation decisions often ignore value and are instead based on cost (how much the victim originally paid for the item) except when cost is zero. For example, we found that people awarded $200 for a destroyed item worth $500 to the victim if the cost was $200; however, they awarded $500 if the original cost was zero. We explain these phenomena in terms of lay scientism (the tendency to base decisions on objective factors) and discuss how the prevalent cost‐based compensation rule hurts consumer welfare. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
万俊人 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(2):227-237
Ethics in the modern context is under the dual pressure of scientific-technological rationality and market commercialization,
which has led to breakthroughs in the original boundaries of knowledge and academic methodology. The gradual separation of
the domain of public life and that of private life in modern society and the former’s increasing pressure on the latter, in
addition to the above dual pressure on ethics, is causing a dramatic transformation of the structure of ethical knowledge
itself. All of these raise new theoretical problems for ethics and ethicists in the modern context. Answering and solving
these problems makes sense for the future development of ethics as one of the classic humanities, and tests modern ethicists’
ability to realize their moral and theoretical duties.
Translated by Yan Xin from Daode yu wenming 道德与文明 (Morality and Civilization), 2007, (4): 4–9 相似文献
54.
Morphological Rationalism and the Psychology of Moral Judgment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
According to rationalism regarding the psychology of moral judgment, people’s moral judgments are generally the result of
a process of reasoning that relies on moral principles or rules. By contrast, intuitionist models of moral judgment hold that
people generally come to have moral judgments about particular cases on the basis of gut-level, emotion-driven intuition,
and do so without reliance on reasoning and hence without reliance on moral principles. In recent years the intuitionist model
has been forcefully defended by Jonathan Haidt. One important implication of Haidt’s model is that in giving reasons for their
moral judgments people tend to confabulate – the reasons they give in attempting to explain their moral judgments are not
really operative in producing those judgments. Moral reason-giving on Haidt’s view is generally a matter of post hoc confabulation.
Against Haidt, we argue for a version of rationalism that we call ‘morphological rationalism.’ We label our version ‘morphological’
because according to it, the information contained in moral principles is embodied in the standing structure of a typical
individual’s cognitive system, and this morphologically embodied information plays a causal role in the generation of particular
moral judgments. The manner in which the principles play this role is via ‘proceduralization’ – such principles operate automatically.
In contrast to Haidt’s intuitionism, then, our view does not imply that people’s moral reason-giving practices are matters
of confabulation. In defense of our view, we appeal to what we call the ‘nonjarring’ character of the phenomenology of making
moral judgments and of giving reasons for those judgments.
相似文献
Mark TimmonsEmail: |
55.
Jianping Xu 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(2):229-253
Chinese people attach importance to intuition and imagery in ways of thinking that are quite sensible, but the result, i.e.
the thoughts that are popularized in virtue of political power, are rather rational. These rational thoughts, which were influenced
by Buddhism and continually became introspective, had been growing more irrational factors. Up to the middle and late Ming
Dynasty, when the economy was developed, they merged with the growing emphasis on daily needs of food and clothes and the
envisagement to the utilitarian circumstances, and finally broke through the threshold of rationalism. Under the attack of
Geng Dingxiang, Li Zhi who emphasized these thoughts was forced beyond his previous boundaries and led a whole variation in
how he viewed a series of issues including values, humanity, ethics and aesthetics. This indicated a historical change from
rationalism to irrationalism in Chinese humanism and aesthetics thoughts.
Translated by Huang Deyuan from Xueshu Yuekan 学术月刊 (Academic Monthly), 2006, (11): 103–112 相似文献
56.
Relationship between inner dialog and ideas of reference and the mediating role of dissociation
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Gloria Bellido‐Zanin Salvador Perona‐Garcelán Cristina Senín‐Calderón Ana María López‐Jiménez Juan Francisco Rodríguez‐Testal 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2017,58(1):100-106
Recent lines of research have begun to concentrate on internal dialogue and its relationship to a diversity of psychopathological phenomena present in psychotic disorders. This study was intended as a preliminary exploration of the relationship of internal dialogue, dissociation and ideas of reference. To do this, a sample of 318 students filled in an internal dialogue scale (the VISQ, McCarthy‐Jones & Fernyhough), one for dissociation (DES‐II, Carlson & Putnam) and another for ideas of reference (REF, Lenzenweger, Bennett & Lilenfeld). The results confirm the hypothesis posed in the sense that internal dialogue was positively associated with dissociation and with ideas of reference. A partial mediation effect of dissociation was also found between inner speech and ideas of reference. Lines of future research this study opens and its possible integration in a model on ideas of reference are discussed. 相似文献
57.
Katrina Liu 《Reflective Practice》2017,18(6):805-820
This research highlights the pedagogical significance of dialogic spaces in supporting critical reflection and transformative learning among prospective teachers in the United States. It finds that, with elucidation of the multiple voices and texts from prospective teachers’ field experience, teacher educators can stimulate deep reflection to springboard transformative learning. It also finds that ePortfolios have strong potential to support a dialogic approach to reflection. However, it is also clear that, absent systematic observation and careful follow-up dialogue, the potential to move from reflection to transformative learning is limited. The findings will help teacher educators rethink the design and practice of supervision with ePortfolios, reinforcing that critical dialogue between the supervisor and the prospective teachers is key to supporting prospective teachers’ critical reflection and transformative learning, and to improving their teaching practice. 相似文献
58.
Kenneth C. Bessant 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2014,24(6):467-478
Of late, there is increasing interest in the dialogical foundations of the self and community. Indeed, dialogical theory points to the embeddedness of community in self–other relations. This article proposes a dialogical approach to community that draws upon four key themes of discourse: the sociality of the self, the realm of interindividual relations, the constructive role of social representations, and the emergent properties of collective action. The ‘between’ constitutes a valuable concept for theorizing fundamental processes of relational existence and responsive meaning‐making, including the co‐constitution of community. In the process of coming into dialogic relation with one another, individuals construct meanings, experiences, and actions that profoundly shape both selfhood and community. Thus conceived, community is founded on dialogic interaction and intersubjective representation, thereby becoming the conscious object of reflection and action. The intention here is to theorize the relational genesis and continued transformation of community through self–other dialogue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
59.
本文以提示<易经>"三才之道"的意蕴为契入点,通过易儒互动、会通过程的考察,探讨儒家人文哲学的宇宙论根据及其有原创意义的思维模式,又采用中西哲学差异比较的方法,概括出"有机人本"、"宗法群体"、"主观能动"、"道德理性"四项观念,剖析和诠释儒家人文哲学的内容特质和精神价值,进而为合理评价儒家哲学人文资源的现代意义提供必要的条件和依据. 相似文献
60.
Decision‐makers are sometimes depicted as impulsive and overly influenced by ‘hot’, affective factors. The present research suggests that decision‐makers may be too ‘cold’ and overly focus on rationalistic attributes, such as economic values, quantitative specifications, and functions. In support of this proposition, we find a systematic inconsistency between predicted experience and decision. That is, people are more likely to favor a rationalistically‐superior option when they make a decision than when they predict experience. We discuss how this work contributes to research on predicted and decision utilities; we also discuss when decision‐makers overweight hot factors and when they overweight cold factors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献