Inducing lucid dreams by olfactory-cued reactivation of reality testing during early-morning sleep: A proof of concept

The reliable induction of lucid dreams is a challenge in lucid dream research. In a previous study by our research group we were able to induce in about 50% of the participants a lucid dream in a single sleep laboratory night by combining a wake-up-back-to-bed sleep protocol and a mnemonic technique. In the present study, we extended our previous procedure by additional presentation of an odor during sleep to reactivate memory traces about reality testing. In total 16 male participants spent a single night in the sleep lab whereas the procedure induced in two participants a lucid dream (12.5%). The induction rate stays below the success rate of our previous study and therefore odor-cueing seems not a promising technique for inducing lucid dreams. Beside the odor presentation, several other methodological changes have been made, which will be discussed and hopefully help further dream engineering to improve induction techniques.     

认知诊断计算机化自适应测验的选题策略

随着认知诊断计算机化自适应测验(cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing, CD-CAT)理论与实践的发展, 兼顾知识状态与能力的双目标CD-CAT逐渐受到重视。选题策略是CAT的核心, 通过梳理传统CD-CAT和双目标CD-CAT选题策略的研究, 并对它们的特点、关系及表现进行介绍和评析。最后, 基于认知诊断模型与CAT实践发展指出未来应加强一般化认知模型、复杂测验条件认知诊断模型下选题策略的研究; 应开发双目标诊断测验的项目和测验特征指标; 还应加强非参数选题方法和CD-CAT的实践应用研究。     

基于类别水平的多级计分认知诊断Q矩阵修正：相对拟合统计量视角

多级计分认知诊断模型的开发对认知诊断的发展具有重要作用, 但对于多级计分模型下的Q矩阵修正还有待研究。本研究尝试对多级计分认知诊断Q矩阵修正进行研究, 并聚焦更具诊断价值的基于项目类别水平的Q矩阵修正。将相对拟合统计量应用于多级计分认知诊断Q矩阵修正, 并与已有方法Stepwise方法( Ma & de la Torre, 2019)进行比较。研究表明：BIC方法对多级计分认知诊断模型的Q矩阵修正具有较高的模式判准率和属性判准率, 其对Q矩阵的恢复率也高于Stepwise方法, BIC方法修正后的Q矩阵与数据更加拟合; 在复杂模型中, 相对拟合指标BIC比AIC和-2LL表现更好, 在实践中, 使用者可以选择BIC法进行测验Q矩阵修正; Q矩阵修正效果受到被试人数的影响, 增加被试人数可以提高Q矩阵修正的正确率。总之, 本研究为多级计分认知诊断Q矩阵修正提供了重要的方法支持。     

题目属性向量平衡策略的认知诊断测验设计

为认知诊断测验制定的题目属性向量平衡（IAVB）策略强调测验必须体现认知模型,并将题目属性向量而不是以单个属性作为考察单位。该策略克服严格属性平衡(SAB)策略仅适用于独立结构的不足,且在每个题目考察属性个数（大致）相同的条件下,以模式判准率（PMR）为衡量标准,该策略优于非IAVB策略。特别地,若属性层级结构为独立结构时,采用IAVB策略的测验最优,SAB策略次之,两种策略均未采用则最差。另IAVB矩阵可显著提高PMR。     

Les pratiques d’evaluation utilisees dans les structures de conseil en recrutement : quelques determinants

Referring to the work of Bruchon-Schweitzer & Ferrieux (1991) and Balicco (1999), the present study describes the recruitment practices of different types of organizations (N=327, 134 consulting companies and 193 temporary placement firms). We hypothesised that job position and recruiter characteristics (sex, age, level and type of education, status, and recruitment experience) would influence the use of selection techniques. Results revealed that choice of selection techniques is not based on a scientific evaluation of applicants. Job position seems to strongly determine use of personality assessment techniques. Further, recruiter characteristics only seem to determine choice of less valid techniques. In the discussion, a theoretical model of choices made by recruiters and some courses of action are proposed.     

小学四、五年级数学诊断性测验的编制——基于规则空间模型的方法

基于规则空间模型, 以小学四、五年级数学诊断性测验的编制为例, 探索了认知诊断理论背景下诊断性测验的编制方法。研究发现, 基于规则空间模型编制的诊断性测验具备优良的信效度, 尤其在结构效度上具有突出优势。应用该测验对1059名四、五年级学生进行诊断测验的结果显示:在整体上, 学生对整数、初级运算与应用掌握得较为巩固, 对量、统计、规律、高级运算掌握较差;在发展趋势上, 量、统计、规律、高级运算是四、五年级之间进步最快的属性。     

Fresh Logic: proof-theory and semantics for FM and nominal techniques

In this paper we introduce Fresh Logic, a natural deduction style first-order logic extended with term-formers and quantifiers derived from the FM-sets model of names and binding in abstract syntax. Fresh Logic can be classical or intuitionistic depending on whether we include a law of excluded middle; we present a proof-normalisation procedure for the intuitionistic case and a semantics based on Kripke models in FM-sets for which it is sound and complete.     

How Tangible Mock-Ups Support Design Collaboration

This paper is a contribution to a more conscious use of tangible mock-ups in collaborative design processes. It describes a design team’s use of mock-ups in a series of workshops involving potential customers and users. Focus is primarily on the use of three-dimensional design mock-ups and how differences in these affected the dialogue. Reflective conversations were established by using tangible mock-ups as “things-to-think with.” They served as boundary objects that spanned the gap between the different competencies and interests of participants in design. The design mock-ups evoked different things for different participants, whereas the challenge for the design team was to find boundaries upon which everybody could agree. The level of details represented in a mock-up affected the communication so that a mock-up with few details evoked different issues, whereas a very detailed mock-up evoked a smaller variation of issues resulting in a more focused communication.     

基层医院医生常见的五种错误诊断思维

为了分析临床及X线诊断医师错误的临床诊断思维,探讨正确的临床诊断思维,以减少临床的误漏诊,通过具体分析基层临床医院医生与X线诊断医生五种错误的诊断思维及形成原因,结果显示,错误的诊断思维容易将肺癌误诊为结核,肺癌误诊为肺炎,肺炎消散期易误诊为结核,将结核渗出性病变误诊为肺炎。因此,科学的诊断思维是减少误漏诊的基础和关键。