Restoration of Intimacy and Connection in the Treatment of Couples with Substance Abuse Issues

SUMMARY

Addictions destroy both individuals and in particular their intimate relationships. Couples remain together for many reasons and when one partner has an addiction, the spouse has the fantasy that when the addiction is addressed the couple relationship will return to ‘normal.’ This article focuses on couple issues that have not been addressed in addiction treatment facilities and examines the role of the couple therapist versus the addiction counselor. Techniques and clinical interventions with this population are discussed and illustrated by case examples.     

Psychologists' perspectives on the diagnostic classification of mental disorders: Results from the WHO‐IUPsyS Global Survey

This study examined psychologists' views and practices regarding diagnostic classification systems for mental and behavioral disorders so as to inform the development of the ICD‐11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO and the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS) conducted a multilingual survey of 2155 psychologists from 23 countries, recruited through their national psychological associations. Sixty percent of global psychologists routinely used a formal classification system, with ICD‐10 used most frequently by 51% and DSM‐IV by 44%. Psychologists viewed informing treatment decisions and facilitating communication as the most important purposes of classification, and preferred flexible diagnostic guidelines to strict criteria. Clinicians favorably evaluated most diagnostic categories, but identified a number of problematic diagnoses. Substantial percentages reported problems with crosscultural applicability and cultural bias, especially among psychologists outside the USA and Europe. Findings underscore the priority of clinical utility and professional and cultural differences in international psychology. Implications for ICD‐11 development and dissemination are discussed.     

一种新的诊断类别:经前期心境不良障碍

经前期心境不良障碍(PMDD)是一组严重影响女性在家庭、工作和生活等方面功能的经前期不适心理、身体和行为症状。美国精神病学协会管理委员会于2012年底正式将PMDD作为美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第五版(DSM-5)中的单独诊断类别,这一举措标志着未来PMDD研究将成为热点。而PMDD的诊断与评估标准、发病机理并不明确,未来研究将围绕运用统一规范的PMDD诊断与评估标准,结合生理和心理两方面证据深入探讨PMDD可能的病理机制,从而促进PMDD针对性治疗。     

Memory activation of multiple hypotheses in sequential diagnostic reasoning

In sequential diagnostic reasoning, observed evidence activates hypotheses about possible causes in memory. These memory activations have been previously examined with a probe reaction task for problems with a single correct diagnosis. We applied this process tracing method to ambiguous problems with multiple compatible hypotheses. When participants reasoned about the causes of ambiguous symptom sequences, they were prompted to respond to probes representing hypotheses. The response time to a probe was shorter if the current support for the respective hypothesis was stronger indicating that the processing of compatible hypotheses can be traced. For sequences with two equally supported hypotheses, the initial hypothesis was more often chosen as the final diagnosis (a primacy effect). Probe reaction times suggest that the initial hypothesis has been activated more strongly already early, when it was finally chosen as the diagnosis. Nevertheless, substantial variance in response times limits the task's applicability for process tracing.     

Research-Based Guidelines for Child Forensic Interviews

Abstract

We present important considerations for conducting forensic interviews with children who are witnesses to or alleged victims of crime. Specifically, we (a) present the basic principles of the forensic interview and review some of the best structured forensic protocols currently available; (b) provide a detailed, practical blueprint for conducting a structured forensic interview and emphasize how the components of the interview are based upon empirical research; and (c) discuss special con siderations for interviews with children of different age groups and children who have special needs or circumstances, and interviews involving various crime circumstances. We end with suggestions to assist legal and social service professionals in accessing the social science research literature that should inform forensic interview techniques.     

Modeling memory and perception

I present a framework for modeling memory, retrieval, perception, and their interactions. Recent versions of the models were inspired by Bayesian induction: We chose models that make optimal decisions conditioned on a memory/perceptual system with inherently noisy storage and retrieval. The resultant models are, fortunately, largely consistent with my models dating back to the 1960s, and are therefore natural successors. My recent articles have presented simplified models in order to focus on particular applications. This article takes a larger perspective and places the individual models in a more global framework. I will discuss (1) the storage of episodic traces, the accumulation of these into knowledge (e.g., lexical/semantic traces in the case of words), and the changes in knowledge caused by learning; (2) the retrieval of information from episodic memory and from general knowledge; (3) decisions concerning storage, retrieval, and responding. Examples of applications include episodic recognition and cued and free recall, perceptual identification (naming, yes–no and forced‐choice), lexical decision, and long‐term and short‐term priming.     

高血压诊断标准的相对与绝对

血压高低与并发症发生是一种线形关系.没有这样一条分界线,将高血压产生的并发症截然分开.相同血压对年龄不同的正常人有不相同的意义,相同的血压对存在不同合并症患者产生的结果也不一样.制定科学合理的血压标准并且又不断予以修订就是从相对真理向绝对真理发展的过程.     

SARS:希望与挑战

经过全球各方面不懈努力,对SARS的研究、防控现巳取得阶段性进展：新型冠状病毒巳被确定为致病原,病毒基因组巳解析、诊断技术巳用于临床、疾病的流行规律正在描述、有效防控措施巳采用等,所有的一切有赖于全球的协作、科学的力量。但是,人类在彻底控制SARS之前还需要大量工作,目前还存在许多亟待解决的问题。