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The need for closure predicts an evaluative bias against people whose opinions or behaviors deviate from those of other members of their social groups. In the present study, we investigated whether the relationship between the need for closure and deviant bias generalized to nonsocial stimuli, and we examined the process underlying this relationship. Sixty-one undergraduate students completed measures of the need for closure, the need for structure, intolerance for ambiguity, and the ability to be decisive and achieve cognitive structure. They then rated their liking for letters of the Latin alphabet ("A" & "B") whose locations were consistent and inconsistent with relevant categories ("A circle" and "B circle"). Participants liked category-inconsistent letters less than category-consistent letters. Measures related to the need for structure and closed-mindedness correlated positively with this deviant bias, whereas measures related to the ability to be decisive and achieve cognitive structure did not. These results imply that the relationship between the need for closure and deviant bias is a relatively basic and pervasive effect that is not unique to social deviance and is driven by the need for structure and closed-mindedness. Implications for social and nonsocial stimuli are discussed. 相似文献
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以523名工读生为调查对象,考察工读生毒品使用特点,并在控制相关人口学变量后,探讨感觉寻求、压力性生活事件、结交不良同伴与工读生毒品使用的关系。结果显示:(1)工读生的毒品使用行为严重,34.2%的工读生曾使用过毒品,毒品使用呈现低龄化、以吸食新型毒品为主的趋势。(2)工读生的感觉寻求是毒品使用的风险因素。(3)压力性生活事件对感觉寻求与毒品使用之间的关系具有风险增强的调节效应。(4)这种调节效应以结交不良同伴为中介变量。因此,感觉寻求对工读生毒品使用的影响是有中介的调节效应。研究结果对青少年毒品使用的预防和干预有重要的理论价值和参考价值。 相似文献
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Rex Forehand Karen C. Wells Robert J. McMahon Douglas Griest Tim Rogers 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1982,4(2):145-151
The purpose of the present study was to extend earlier research examining predictors of maternal perceptions of maladjustment in clinic-referred children. Forty-five mothers and their clinic-referred children served as subjects. Maternal perceptions of child maladjustment were measured by the Parent Attitude Test. Maternal depression, marital adjustment, and family socioeconomic status were determined by the Beck Depression Inventory, Locke Marital Adjustment Test, and Myers and Bean index of social status, respectively. Child compliance and child deviant behavior (other than noncompliance) were obtained in home observations collected by independent observers. The results indicated that maternal depression was the best predictor of maternal perception of children. The remaining variables failed to contribute to the multiple regression analyses. Separate analyses also were performed on males and females and different predictor variables emerged for the two groups.The research reported in this study was supported by NIMH Grant 34193. 相似文献
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We propose a three-way interaction model based on substitutes for leadership theory to explore the relationship among ethical leadership, moral personality, and moral ideology (i.e., idealism and relativism) on two types of employee voluntary behaviors (i.e., organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviant behavior). Results from a sample of 218 supervisor–subordinate dyads indicate that moral personality attenuates the relationship between ethical leadership and employee voluntary behaviors. Idealism serves as the boundary condition for the moderating effect of moral personality. However, relativism only serves as the boundary condition for the moderating effect of moral personality when predicting workplace deviant behavior. 相似文献
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Drawing on the labeling perspective of deviance, we investigate employee reactions to coworkers perceived as deviants. We look at two positive effects for employees in the presence of a deviant coworker. First, in comparison to a deviant individual, other employees can draw more positive conclusions about themselves; and second, a deviant can be informative about organizational norms, thereby improving employee role clarity. We also examine individual and situational moderators. For the purpose of the study, we developed a measure of the presence of a deviant. The hypothesized relationships were tested in two large samples using multiple regression analyses. The results revealed that in the presence of a deviant coworker, employees reported enhanced self-evaluation. The presence of a deviant coworker was associated with better role clarity only for employees with more interdependent jobs. We also discuss practical implications of the findings and future research directions. 相似文献
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以631名初中生为被试,采用问卷法考察父母教养方式与初中生攻击行为的关系,同时探讨越轨同伴交往的中介作用,以及该作用是否受自我控制的调节。结果发现:(1)消极父母教养方式对越轨同伴交往、攻击行为均有显著的正向预测作用;(2)越轨同伴交往在消极父母教养方式与初中生攻击行为之间起部分中介作用;(3)自我控制可以调节越轨同伴交往对初中生攻击行为的作用,对于低自我控制个体,越轨同伴交往起部分中介作用;对于高自我控制个体,越轨同伴交往的中介效应不显著,消极父母教养方式对攻击行为仅有直接作用。 相似文献
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运用问卷调查法, 通过对550名大学生的调查, 探讨了道德推脱对大学生网络偏差行为的影响及道德认同在这一影响中的调节作用。结果发现:(1)大学生的道德推脱水平在大一和大二时无明显的性别差异, 但在大三和大四时男生的道德推脱水平明显高于女生;(2)道德推脱对大学生的网络偏差行为产生显著正向影响, 道德认同对大学生的网络偏差行为产生显著负向影响, 并且道德认同在道德推脱影响大学生网络偏差行为的过程中起着显著的调节作用。在高道德认同情况下, 大学生的网络偏差行为不会随着道德推脱水平的升高而产生明显变化;在低道德认同情况下, 大学生的网络偏差行为会随着道德推脱水平的升高而显著地增多。 相似文献
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在社会学习理论和生态系统理论基础上提出一个有调节的中介模型,探讨父母心理控制、行为控制与工读生毒品使用的关系,以及结交不良同伴的中介效应和感觉寻求的调节效应。514名工读生完成了父母控制问卷、不良同伴问卷、感觉寻求量表和毒品使用问卷。结果显示:(1)父母心理控制能正向预测工读生的毒品使用,父母行为控制能负向预测工读生的毒品使用。(2)结交不良同伴在心理控制、行为控制与工读生毒品使用的关系中起中介作用。(3)结交不良同伴的中介作用受到感觉寻求的调节。 相似文献
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父母网络监管对于减少青少年网络游戏成瘾的效果往往不尽相同,本研究对4105名青少年进行调查考察了不良同伴交往在父母网络监管对青少年网络游戏成瘾影响中的中介作用,以及父母网络监管对青少年不良同伴交往的影响路径是否受亲子关系的调节。结果发现:(1)直接效应显示父母网络监管能显著正向预测青少年网络游戏成瘾,不良同伴交往在父母网络监管对网络游戏成瘾的影响中起“遮掩效应”;(2)亲子关系显著调节父母网络监管对不良同伴交往的影响;(3)整体模型检验发现,父母网络监管、亲子关系、不良同伴交往和网络游戏成瘾形成了一个有调节的中介模型。 相似文献