全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 5646篇 |
| 免费 | 613篇 |
| 国内免费 | 210篇 |
专业分类
| 6469篇 |
出版年
| 2025年 | 8篇 |
| 2024年 | 103篇 |
| 2023年 | 134篇 |
| 2022年 | 122篇 |
| 2021年 | 178篇 |
| 2020年 | 308篇 |
| 2019年 | 306篇 |
| 2018年 | 235篇 |
| 2017年 | 322篇 |
| 2016年 | 311篇 |
| 2015年 | 208篇 |
| 2014年 | 248篇 |
| 2013年 | 788篇 |
| 2012年 | 176篇 |
| 2011年 | 205篇 |
| 2010年 | 179篇 |
| 2009年 | 240篇 |
| 2008年 | 287篇 |
| 2007年 | 256篇 |
| 2006年 | 242篇 |
| 2005年 | 218篇 |
| 2004年 | 190篇 |
| 2003年 | 164篇 |
| 2002年 | 157篇 |
| 2001年 | 130篇 |
| 2000年 | 110篇 |
| 1999年 | 97篇 |
| 1998年 | 70篇 |
| 1997年 | 71篇 |
| 1996年 | 44篇 |
| 1995年 | 53篇 |
| 1994年 | 58篇 |
| 1993年 | 32篇 |
| 1992年 | 22篇 |
| 1991年 | 35篇 |
| 1990年 | 20篇 |
| 1989年 | 19篇 |
| 1988年 | 21篇 |
| 1987年 | 13篇 |
| 1986年 | 9篇 |
| 1985年 | 13篇 |
| 1984年 | 15篇 |
| 1983年 | 6篇 |
| 1982年 | 8篇 |
| 1981年 | 6篇 |
| 1980年 | 10篇 |
| 1979年 | 7篇 |
| 1978年 | 6篇 |
| 1977年 | 6篇 |
| 1976年 | 2篇 |
排序方式： 共有6469条查询结果，搜索用时 0 毫秒
91.
Neuropsychologists are asked frequently to address the issue of the cause of a variety of central nervous system problems that may affect higher cortical function. One such issue is the relationship of maternal smoking to adverse reproductive outcomes involving neocortical insult including mental retardation, learning disabilities, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other insults that may be related to prolonged hypoxic states in utero. The instant paper develops the issue of causation as a scientific inquiry, reviews several traditional, applicable models, and critiques these models. An additional model of motility is proposed and discussed. The issue of the relationship of maternal smoking to adverse reproductive outcomes is then addressed from a review perspective along with new empirical analyses, the latter demonstrating that researchers tend to draw causal conclusions independent of whether the respective design of their studies would support conclusions about the causation of an event. Causal conclusions in the absence of causal designs have often lead to incomplete and incorrect conclusions. It is necessary to match conclusions not only to the outcomes of a research project but also to its design and accompanying limitations. 相似文献
92.
Victor L. Schermer 《Group》2000,24(1):13-21
The author presents a hypothetical view of group therapy theories as they may evolve over the first decades of the New Milennium. Looking at the problem of prediction from the standpoint of postmodernism and social constructivism, the importance of these perspectives as frameworks of the social sciences is emphasized. The influence of general systems theory, Foulkesian group analysis, object relations theory, self psychology, cognitive-behavioral psychology, and neuropsychiatry are briefly examined with respect to the expected evolution of increasingly sophisticated, detailed, and nuanced theories of group psychology and group psychotherapy. 相似文献
93.
Sadia Jahanzeb;Usman Raja; 《Psychologie appliquee》2024,73(3):1287-1308
Using the tenets of learned helplessness theory, we propose and test a model suggesting how the perception of supervisor narcissism impacts acquiescent silence and employee creativity. We further suggest acquiescent silence as a mediator, and law and code ethical climate as a moderator, in the link between supervisor narcissism and creativity. We found good support for the proposed hypotheses using multi-wave data collected from 258 employees of service-oriented companies in North America. Results show that supervisor narcissism prompts employees to exhibit acquiescent silence, which also mediates the link between supervisor narcissism and employee creativity. The law and code ethical climate moderates the effect of supervisor narcissism on acquiescent silence and that of silence on creativity. Therefore, this study identifies a key factor, acquiescent silence, through which supervisor narcissism impedes employee creativity, and it also reveals how this process might be buffered by the law and code ethical climate. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. 相似文献
94.
Anat Moed; 《Child Development Perspectives》2024,18(2):82-87
According to coercion theory (Patterson, 1982, 2016), children's aggression is developed and maintained through transactional processes between parents and their children that unfold over time. The theory provides a model of the behavioral contingencies that explain how parents and children mutually “train” each other to behave in ways that over time increase the likelihood of children's aggression and decrease parents' control over this aggression. Although the theory characterizes the interactions that often lead to dysfunctional family processes and children's aggression, its focus on observable, interpersonal negativity has resulted in research that largely overlooks intraindividual phenomena, such as the internal experiences that drive parents' expressed negativity. In this article, I present empirical and theoretical work that supports an expanded focus of coercion theory to include emotion as an internal mechanism of reinforcement that facilitates and maintains coercive family processes and children's antisocial development. 相似文献
95.
Ryan Outlaw;Michael D. Baer; 《Personnel Psychology》2024,77(2):527-554
Whereas substantial research portrays gossip as a detrimental behavior, other work observes that gossip performs essential social functions, such as distributing valuable information. Collectively, the literature indicates that gossip has the potential to harm and benefit the relationship between the gossip sender and receiver. Our study brings consensus to this conversation by drawing a distinction between how much gossiping occurs—gossiping extent—and characteristics of that gossip—gossip truthfulness and gossip interestingness. Drawing on social exchange theory and cognitive-motivational-relational theory, we build a within-person theoretical model that proposes gossip truthfulness will strengthen the receiver's perception of the social exchange relationship, whereas gossip interestingness will increase the receiver's state happiness. Ultimately, these proximal reactions will increase the receiver's helping behavior toward the sender. We tested our model with a 15-day experience sampling study (Study 1) and an experiment (Study 2). Results showed that gossip truthfulness had a positive effect on the receiver's perception of the social exchange relationship, leading the receiver to provide more helping behavior to the sender. Gossip interestingness had a positive effect on the receiver's state happiness, leading to increased helping behavior toward the sender. Gossip interestingness also had a serial indirect effect on helping behavior, via increased state happiness that increased receiver social exchange perceptions. In contrast, gossiping extent had a negative indirect effect on helping behavior via decreased receiver happiness, as well as a negative serial indirect effect via decreased receiver happiness and social exchange perceptions. Our model provides employees with insights into how gossip impacts the sender–receiver relationship. 相似文献
96.
Janeth Gabaldon Suman Niranjan Timothy G. Hawkins Maranda E. McBride Katrina Savitskie 《Applied cognitive psychology》2024,38(6):e4252
Texting while driving (TWD) poses a significant hazard, particularly among young adults, as it requires simultaneous engagement in competing tasks. Despite widespread awareness of its dangers, drivers continue to engage in TWD. This study investigates the psychological and cognitive factors that influence TWD, employing the protection motivation theory (PMT). Structural equation modeling was conducted on a sample of 674 survey respondents aged 18–25. Factors influencing TWD behavior were revealed, including response cost, threat vulnerability, cognitive failure, self-efficacy, and threat severity. Response cost was the primary barrier. Notably, not all subdimensions of threat appraisal and coping appraisal have a direct impact on TWD; cognitive failures serve as a mediator solely between threat vulnerability and response cost. An understanding of TWD provides insights into the TWD behavior of young drivers. By integrating the PMT with cognitive failure, this approach informs the development of interventions and regulations aimed at discouraging TWD and improving road safety. 相似文献
97.
Azzurra Ruggeri;Oana Stanciu;Madeline Pelz;Alison Gopnik;Eric Schulz; 《Developmental science》2024,27(1):e13411
What drives children to explore and learn when external rewards are uncertain or absent? Across three studies, we tested whether information gain itself acts as an internal reward and suffices to motivate children's actions. We measured 24–56-month-olds' persistence in a game where they had to search for an object (animal or toy), which they never find, hidden behind a series of doors, manipulating the degree of uncertainty about which specific object was hidden. We found that children were more persistent in their search when there was higher uncertainty, and therefore, more information to be gained with each action, highlighting the importance of research on artificial intelligence to invest in curiosity-driven algorithms. 相似文献
98.
Preston Greene; 《Thought: A Journal of Philosophy》2024,10(3):199-208
This paper targets a nearly universal assumption in the philosophical literature: that prepunishment is unproblematic for consequentialists. Prepunishment threats do not deter, as deterrence is traditionally conceived. In fact, a pure prepunishment legal system would tend to increase the criminal disposition of the grudgingly compliant. This is a serious problem since, from many perspectives, but especially from a consequentialist one, a primary purpose of punishment is deterrence. I analyze the decision theory behind pre- and postpunishments, which helps clarify both what deterrence is and how it operates in consequentialist justifications of punishment. I end by sketching a road map for the future of prepunishment as artificial intelligence and other technological advances generate increasing possibilities for its use. 相似文献
99.
AbstractOur study aimed to analyze movement control strategies using predefined criteria for amplitude and differences in these strategies between children with and without DCD. Children with (n?=?28) and without DCD (n?=?15) were included. A video-observation-tool was used to score the moving body parts during a Wii Fit slalom task over multiple time points. Two-step cluster analysis was used to extract distinct movement strategies. Two different movement strategies were identified that were independently validated by a measure of task performance and a subjective mark of quality of the movement. Initial differences between groups and changes over time toward the more successful strategy were found in both groups, albeit in a different percentage. This study shows that the more efficient movement strategy is seen in the majority of the TD children and only in a small number of children with DCD, even after practice. 相似文献
100.
In this paper, we organize past and present theories and models of creativity by using a new conceptual framework—the creativity matrix—with the aim of highlighting the dimensions of creativity we know a lot about and those we tend to either ignore or find difficult to study. This matrix is formed by bringing together a developmental model of creativity (the 4 C's) and a structural one (the 5 A's). We start by briefly describing these two conceptual frameworks, and then, we proceed to exploring the matrix itself by describing how the 5 A's are dynamically organized at each “level” of the 4 C's. Importantly, our overview of the matrix is informed by existing models and concepts that address one of more of the C's and the A's. This gives us a unique opportunity to take stock of what has been studied so far and, toward the end, consider new avenues for the development of theory and research agendas within creativity studies. 相似文献