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251.
JoLynn V. Carney Hyunhee Kim Kevin Duquette Xiuyan Guo Richard J. Hazler 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2019,97(4):376-386
This study investigated hope as a mediator between children’s bullying involvement and emotional difficulties in a sample of 1,060 school‐age children (Grades 3–6). Results from structural equation modeling suggested that victimization leads to emotional difficulties both directly and indirectly through hope. Perpetration was indirectly associated with emotional difficulties. Findings highlight the role of children’s cognitive‐motivational process for emotional well‐being in response to bullying involvement. Implications for counseling interventions are discussed. 相似文献
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选取语音意识和快速自动命名双重缺陷的汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童,探讨其言语工作记忆和阅读能力的发展特点。实验选取双重缺陷的发展性阅读障碍(DD)、年龄匹配(CA)和能力匹配(RL)三组儿童各25名,要求他们完成言语工作记忆(数字广度、汉字广度)和阅读(一分钟词汇阅读、三分钟句子阅读)任务。结果发现,DD儿童的数字倒背位数、一分钟读词数、三分钟读过字数和句子理解正确率均显著低于CA儿童,而与RL儿童差异不显著;DD儿童的句子阅读正确率显著低于CA、RL儿童。表明双重缺陷DD儿童在言语工作记忆和阅读能力上存在一定程度的发展滞后和缺陷。 相似文献
253.
鉴于阅读起始于基础视觉加工阶段, 越来越多的研究者开始关注阅读障碍者的视觉空间注意加工能力。视觉空间注意是指个体对视觉刺激的空间位置的注意, 可通过线索提示、视觉搜索和视觉注意广度等视觉任务来考察。大量国内外研究发现, 发展性阅读障碍者在视觉空间注意任务下表现出行为和神经活动方面的异常。其中的神经机制问题不仅反映在与视觉空间注意有关的顶叶区域激活异常, 还存在于脑区间功能连接异常(如顶叶区域与字形加工区的功能连接)。未来研究还需利用横断和追踪研究探讨阅读障碍与视觉空间注意能力发展关系的内在机制, 以及探究语言特性对阅读障碍者视觉空间注意缺陷的可能调节作用。 相似文献
254.
Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E Williams White S Lecavalier L Vitiello B 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(1):117-128
Background In addition to the core symptoms, children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) often exhibit other problem behaviors
such as aggression, hyperactivity, and anxiety, which can contribute to overall impairment and, therefore, become the focus
of clinical attention. Limited data are available on the prevalence of anxiety in these children. We examined frequency and
correlates of parent-rated anxiety symptoms in a large sample of children with PDD.
Methods The goals of this study were to examine the frequency and correlates of parent-rated anxiety symptoms in a sample of 171 medication-free
children with PDD who participated in two NIH-funded medication trials. Twenty items of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory
(CASI) were used to measure anxiety.
Results Forty three percent of the total sample met screening cut-off criteria for at least one anxiety disorder. Higher levels of
anxiety on the 20-item CASI scale were associated with higher IQ, the presence of functional language use, and with higher
levels of stereotyped behaviors. In children with higher IQ, anxiety was also associated with greater impairment in social
reciprocity.
Conclusion Anxiety is common in PDD and warrants consideration in clinical evaluation and treatment planning. This study suggests that
parent ratings could be a useful source of information about anxiety symptoms in this population. Some anxiety symptoms such
as phobic and social anxiety may be closer to core symptoms of PDD. Further efforts to validate tools to ascertain anxiety
are needed, as are studies to empirically test approaches to treat anxiety in PDD. 相似文献
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The quality of the educational family context of children who live with their mothers in prison (N=127, age M=16.3 months) as well as how this situation affects their level of development are analysed. The assessment of these contexts was carried out using the HOME scale. The evaluation of the children's development was carried out using the Brunet–Lézine scale. The data shows that the quality of this context is extremely low, with one of the most striking features being the low score obtained in the subscales of provision of play materials and variety of experiences. Moreover, there are significant differences in the scores that are related to the mother's level of education, ethnic origins and the type of prison where they are serving their sentences. As for the scores obtained by the children in the Brunet–Lézine scale, the data shows that their level of development is similar to that of the infant population in general although we also found that the development quotients of the children in the group with the lowest scores in the HOME scale tend to drop significantly after 18 months of age. The results are discussed taking into account the interaction of context and development under the light of the canalization hypothesis, and making some suggestions about possible ways to improve these children's life conditions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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260.
当代人格心理学的发展趋势 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文在回顾20世纪人格心理学发展历程的基础上,提出了21世纪人格学科的五个发展趋势:1)人格理论研究的交融趋势,2)人格实证研究的整合趋势,3)人格功能的完善化趋势,4)人格研究方法的多样化趋势,5)人格研究的动态化趋势;通过归纳一些未来人格研究的思考课题与研究方法,力求为今后人格心理学研究提供可参照性的思考方向。 相似文献