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281.
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本研究基于事件相关电位技术,以32名大学生为研究对象,采用2(诱发条件:高奖赏、低奖赏)×3(反馈类型:欺骗成功、欺骗失败、诚实)的组内实验设计,以点判断任务操控被试的自主欺骗水平,并结合欺骗及时反馈范式来操纵被试的结果评价。结果发现:(1)在决策过程,做出欺骗决策比诚实决策诱发更大波幅的P300;(2)在结果评价过程,相比欺骗成功反馈和诚实反馈,欺骗失败反馈诱发更负的FRN波幅。结果显示个体做出欺骗决策比诚实决策需要更多的注意资源参与和心理努力,并且对欺骗失败反馈的敏感度远高于欺骗成功反馈和诚实反馈。这一定程度上揭示了个体做出欺骗决策和面对欺骗结果时的心理和神经机制,为教育者采取必要措施来降低和预防青少年欺骗行为奠定了研究基础。 相似文献
283.
Giovanni V.R. Sorge 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2020,65(2):366-388
According to Jung, the ‘mana personality’ represents an archetypal phase of the individuation process of remarkable interest in psychological, hermeneutic and theoretical terms. This figure is characterized by a high initiatic potential that fosters the approximation of the consciousness of the Self. At the same time, it entails a risk of psychic inflation or of ‘similarity to God’. In this article, divided in two parts, I deal with those aspects through a reconstruction of the development of this notion within Jung’s published works, adopting a primarily chronological and, secondarily, thematic approach moving from a textual analysis of relevant passages. In this first part, I consider some passages which deal mainly with the risks of the assimilation of the unconscious in ‘La structure de l’inconscient’ (1916) that preceded the successive proper treatment of the mana personality’s notion presented, and here examined, in ‘The relations between the ego and the unconscious’ (1928). Successively, I take into consideration some further issues related to it discussed by Jung in ‘The structure of the psyche’ (1928/1931), ‘Archaic man’ (1931), and ‘Nietzsche’s Zarathustra’. 相似文献
284.
Scott L. Pratt 《Metaphilosophy》2020,51(5):657-663
Kathleen Wallace makes an important contribution to the theoretical frameworks available to understanding the nature of selves. Drawing on the theory of natural complexes proposed by Justus Buchler, Wallace proposes the “cumulative network model” (CNM) of selves. This article provides an overview of CNM, suggests its relation to recent New Materialist theories of agency, ideas of power, and the American philosophical tradition, and proposes that it can serve as a new resource in discussions of pressing problems faced in today’s world. 相似文献
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We investigated the presence and magnitude of sex differences in late adulthood, assessing 426 illiterate Bangladeshis, 239 literate Bangladeshis, and 598 Swedes. The cognitive domains examined included calculation, episodic memory, spatial visualization, and global cognitive ability. In general, men performed at a higher level than women on tasks assessing calculation and spatial visualization, whereas women performed at a higher level than men on the episodic memory task. Notably, the pattern of cognitive sex differences was similar irrespective of nationality and literacy, although the magnitude of the male advantage was inversely related to level of education. Finally, the low performance of the illiterate women demonstrated the penalizing effect restrictions in public exposure might have on cognitive performance. 相似文献
288.
We present an analytic solution for a race model of n stochastic accumulators for multiple choice reaction time. We show that to maintain a constant level of accuracy, the response criterion needs to be increased approximately logarithmically with n, to compensate for the increase with n in the likelihood that an incorrect alternative will be most active after any fixed amount of time accumulating information. Assuming that participants monitor and maintain a constant level of performance can then explain the logarithmic dependency of the response latency on n as specified by Hick's law. Moreover, we show that for short time intervals, the Shannon information that observers extract from a stimulus, is predicted to increase linearly with processing time. 相似文献
289.
Helping Israeli bereaved parents work through losses and anger poses great emotional challenges for group therapists. Separation-individuation becomes an issue for both mourners and conductors alike. Supervision groups composed of such co-therapists often go through unique stages in the course of their development. The conflict between a defensive belonging to a dyadic subgroup with their co-therapist on the one hand, and involvement with the supervision group and its leader on the other, are the main reasons for this uniqueness. In these stages, special difficulties in the co-therapist's separation/individuation may be observed and furthered. An important emotional function we call reverse parallel process can be activated in supervision groups, and can eventually influence the therapy. It is achieved in the supervision through the containment and working through of difficult emotions disowned by the therapy group. What seemed to be an obstacle to the group's development, if processed by the co-therapists, can enable patients to work through their difficulties and improve their functioning. If, on the other hand, the co-therapists' separation/individuation development is faulty, containment dysfunction may burden the receptiveness and working through of dreadful projections, and result in massive acting-out. The rich Israeli experience in this field could contribute to cope with similar group situations. 相似文献
290.
Shrader-Frechette K 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(1):137-149
Eighty percent of (commercial) genetically engineered seeds (GES) are designed only to resist herbicides. Letting farmers
use more chemicals, they cut labor costs. But developing nations say GES cause food shortages, unemployment, resistant weeds,
and extinction of native cultivars when “volunteers” drift nearby. While GES patents are reasonable, this paper argues many
patent policies are not. The paper surveys GE technology, outlines John Locke’s classic account of property rights, and argues
that current patent policies must be revised to take account of Lockean ethical constraints. After answering a key objection,
it provides concrete suggestions for implementing its ethical conclusions. 相似文献