《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2016

Today’s cars offer a variety of possible setting options which have to be chosen by the driver. In order to examine the psychological effect of automatic adjustments in comparison to manual adjustments of the chassis and drive train while driving, a test vehicle was built up and tested in a naturalistic field operation test (nFOT) through various development stages. 207 BMW employees participated in the study focusing on emotional feedback and flow experience. The results were used to improve the function and to start the test scenario again.The automatic adjustment of the car’s setting (driving mode) due to the detection of the intended driving style of the subjects was preferred to the manual adjustments. Additionally, the feeling of safety increased while the level of distraction decreased. Our findings show that in addition to the positive technical aspects of an automatic adjustment, there is also an increase in driving experience, measured by the flow experience and the feeling of safety.  相似文献   

    

Sabahat C. Bagci;Aysenur D. Yilmaz; 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2024,34(4):e2853

The current study investigated meat-reducers' (vegan, vegetarian, and flexitarian) dietary identities using an identity process approach. Drawing on identity development theories, we aimed to (i) classify meat-reducers from the United Kingdom and United States (N = 375) based on their level of identity exploration and commitment, and (ii) examine the effect of dietary identity status on diet and group-based behaviours. Findings demonstrated evidence for three identity clusters: achieved (high exploration and high commitment), foreclosed (lower exploration and higher commitment), and diffused (low exploration and low commitment) meat-reducers. Vegans were more likely to display an achieved dietary identity, whereas the majority of flexitarians indicated a diffused identity. More importantly, identity status had significant effects on all outcome measures, with achieved meat-reducers reporting greatest dietary strictness, greatest centrality and private regard, but lowest public regard, as well as most negative attitudes towards meat-eaters and greatest activism. We discuss how investigating dietary identities with a ‘process framework’ may point to a more inclusive view of social identities among people who follow a plant-based diet.  相似文献   

    

Giang Trinh 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2015,14(3):158-164

This paper proposes a new model of consideration set sizes, which relies on a stochastic modelling approach to better understand data patterns. The paper combines the Poisson distribution with the lognormal distribution proposed by Hauser and Wernerfelt (1990) to create the Poisson lognormal (PLN) model of consideration set sizes. An advantage of PLN is that it allows variance within a given individual consumer. This is a crucial factor for brand managers who wish to choose a particular market to promote their brand, as a higher within‐individual variance suggests that there is more chance for a consumer to change their consideration set size, whereas a lower within‐individual variance indicates that a consumer tends to stick to his/her consideration set size. The paper then uses 10 datasets including service, durable and fast‐moving consumer goods across four countries to validate the new model and compare it with the lognormal model. The results show that PLN gives a good fit to these data. It outperforms the lognormal model. The average mean absolute percentage error of the PLN model is 12 per cent, whereas that of the lognormal model is 26 per cent. For managerial implications, the paper proposes a better tool to help brand managers analyse the nature and intensity of competition that is facing their brands. Also, relying on its stochastic element, the proposed model can help brand managers predict future brand consideration by their consumers, as well as evaluate any change in brand consideration, caused by marketing activity such as sales promotion and advertising. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Christian Maier 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2014,59(5):624-640

By means of a clinical illustration, the author describes how the intersubjective exchanges involved in an analytic process facilitate the representation of affects and memories which have been buried in the unconscious or indeed have never been available to consciousness. As a result of projective identificatory processes in the analytic relationship, in this example the analyst falls into a situation of helplessness which connects with his own traumatic experiences. Then he gets into a formal regression of the ego and responds with a so‐to‐speak hallucinatory reaction—an internal image which enables him to keep the analytic process on track and, later on, to construct an early traumatic experience of the analysand.  相似文献   

    

Ivan Padrón  Maria Jose Rodrigo  Manuel De Vega 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2016,13(2):241-253

Cognitive and dual-processes models, involving cognitive and socio-emotional components, for adolescents’ risky behaviour have been proposed. This study tested their predictions by manipulating the presence or absence of feedback about gains and losses in health and peer popularity in a decision-making task with peers. Risky (e.g., taking or refusing a drug) and ambiguous decisions (e.g., eating hamburger or hotdog) were examined in 256 adolescents (aged 13–14; 15–16; 17–18) and young adults (aged 19–20). Participants made more risky choices and required less decision time when receiving feedback about the negative consequences on health and positive consequences on peer popularity. Decision times were comparatively larger for risky than for safe options in late adolescence and young adulthood. Results supported the dual-processes model showing that, though late cognitive changes were observed that could eventually lead to the selection of safe options, feedback gains in peer popularity outweighed unhealthy consequences leading to risky decisions.  相似文献   

    

Benjamin J Pfeifer  Daniel R Strunk 《Australian psychologist》2015,50(6):411-415

Researchers conducting psychotherapy process research aim to understand the process by which efficacious psychotherapies achieve therapeutic benefits. A key challenge in this research is how to maximise what can be learned from naturalistic longitudinal data. We provide a selective overview of research examining the process of change in cognitive therapy of depression. While the efficacy of this treatment is widely recognised, a consensus regarding how the treatment reduces depressive symptoms and provides protection from relapse and recurrence has yet to be reached. We review the current state of the research addressing the process of change in cognitive therapy, highlighting how specific methodological features can be used to better understand the process by which this treatment achieves its effects. We highlight the importance of two key challenges to making causal inferences from a process–outcome relation: (a) establishing the temporal precedence of predictors to outcome variables, and (b) evaluating whether any relations identified could be spurious. We argue that methodologically rigorous studies tend to support key claims of the model underlying cognitive therapy of depression. We conclude by considering future directions. For example, we highlight the importance of efforts to understand patient characteristics that may moderate process–outcome relations and could ultimately prove useful in tailoring treatment to best suit individual patients.  相似文献   

    

《Psychology of sport and exercise》2016

BackgroundType 2 diabetes is a major public health problem. Effective diabetes self-management involves people engaging in multiple health behaviours, including physical activity. Walking is an effective, accessible and inexpensive form of physical activity, yet many people with Type 2 diabetes do not meet recommended levels. The present study aimed to: 1) identify demographic, motivational and volitional factors predictive of walking in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 2) test whether accounting for the perceived impact of other goal pursuits (goal facilitation and goal conflict) improved the prediction of walking.MethodsA theory-based cross-sectional study using the Health Action Process Approach was conducted in adults with Type 2 diabetes across Scotland. Assuming a 50% response rate 1000 questionnaires were mailed to achieve the target sample size (N = 500). Demographic information was collected, and intentional (outcome expectations, social support, risk perceptions), motivational (intention, self-efficacy), volitional (action planning, action control) and multiple goal (goal conflict, goal facilitation) factors were assessed as predictors of physical activity in general and walking specifically.ResultsThe final sample comprised 411 respondents. The majority (60%) were non-adherent to physical activity recommendations. Of 411 respondents, 356 provided walking data. Body Mass Index and age were the only demographic and anthropometric factors predictive of walking (overall R² = 0.04). When motivational factors were added, intention and self-efficacy added to the prediction (overall R² = 0.07). When volitional factors were added, only action control was predictive of walking (overall R² = 0.08). Finally, goal facilitation explained an additional 7% variance in walking when added to the model (final overall R² = 0.15).ConclusionThere was low adherence with physical activity recommendations in general and walking in particular. When testing predictors of motivational, volitional and competing goal constructs together, action control and goal facilitation emerged as predictors of walking. Future research should consider how walking can be embedded synergistically alongside other goal pursuits and how action control may help to ensure that they are pursued.  相似文献   

    

Michael B. Buchholtz  Jane Spiekermann  Horst Kächele 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2015,96(3):877-910

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Shaji S. Haq  Tiffany Kodak 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2015,48(1):85-95

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RICHARD TUCH 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2015,84(2):363-388

Whether the analyst finds the patient's emerging transference affectively tolerable or intolerable plays an important role in the analytic couple's negotiation of the configuration that the transference‐countertransference relationship ultimately assumes. If the analyst is deeply repelled by transference‐related roles to which he is assigned, patient‐ascribed attributions, or projection‐drenched interactions, he may react in violent protest, engaging in enactments that say more about his separable subjectivity than about the intersubjective situation. While there has been a recent trend to view enactments as a crucial aspect of psychoanalytic technique, this trend risks overlooking the way in which the analyst's way of being comes into play in the treatment.  相似文献