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51.
双作业信息输入通道对作业绩效的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
采用单作业和双作业操作,探讨了不同信息输入通道对双作业操作绩效的影响。实验结果证明:若采用相同的信息输入通道,同时操作的两种作业就会产生相互干扰,降低操作绩效;相反,若采用不同信息输入通道,双作业之间的相互干扰将减小,作业绩效得到提高。 相似文献
52.
Three adult subjects were taught the following two-sample, two-comparison conditional discriminations (each sample is shown with its positive and negative comparison, in that order): A1-B1B2, A2-B2B1; B1-C1C2, B2-C2C1; and C1-D1D2, C2-D2D1. A teaching procedure was designed to encourage control by negative comparisons. Subjects were then tested for emergent performances that would indicate whether the baseline conditional discriminations were reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The tests documented the emergence of two classes of equivalent stimuli: A1, B2, C1, D2 and A2, B1, C2, D1. These were the classes to be expected if the negative comparisons were the controlling comparisons in the baseline conditional discriminations. The negative comparisons, however, were not the comparisons that subjects were recorded as having chosen in the baseline conditional discriminations. Differential test results confirmed predictions arising from a stimulus-control analysis: In reflexivity tests (AA, BB, CC, DD), subjects chose comparisons that differed from the sample; one-node transitivity (AC, BD) and "equivalence" (CA, DB) tests also yielded results that were the opposite of those to be expected from control by positive comparisons; symmetry tests (BA, CB, DC), two-node transitivity (AD) tests, and two-node "equivalence" (DA) tests yielded results that were to be expected from control by either positive or negative comparisons. 相似文献
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Theodor Leiber 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1999,30(1):87-101
Some problems rarely discussed in traditional philosophy of science are mentioned: The empirical sciences using mathematico-quantitative
theoretical models are frequently confronted with several types of computational problems posing primarily methodological
limitations on explanatory and prognostic matters. Such limitations may arise from the appearances of deterministic chaos
and (too) high computational complexity in general. In many cases, however, scientists circumvent such limitations by utilizing
reductional approximations or complexity reductions for intractable problem formulations, thus constructing new models which
are computationally tractable. Such activities are compared with reduction types (more) established in philosophy of science.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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When natural language input contains grammatical forms that are used probabilistically and inconsistently, learners will sometimes reproduce the inconsistencies; but sometimes they will instead regularize the use of these forms, introducing consistency in the language that was not present in the input. In this paper we ask what produces such regularization. We conducted three artificial language experiments, varying the use of determiners in the types of inconsistency with which they are used, and also comparing adult and child learners. In Experiment 1 we presented adult learners with scattered inconsistency - the use of multiple determiners varying in frequency in the same context - and found that adults will reproduce these inconsistencies at low levels of scatter, but at very high levels of scatter will regularize the determiner system, producing the most frequent determiner form almost all the time. In Experiment 2 we showed that this is not merely the result of frequency: when determiners are used with low frequencies but in consistent contexts, adults will learn all of the determiners veridically. In Experiment 3 we compared adult and child learners, finding that children will almost always regularize inconsistent forms, whereas adult learners will only regularize the most complex inconsistencies. Taken together, these results suggest that regularization processes in natural language learning, such as those seen in the acquisition of language from non-native speakers or in the formation of young languages, may depend crucially on the nature of language learning by young children. 相似文献
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Yona Teichman Ety Berant Geva Shenkman Guy Ramot 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2023,23(2):516-529
Objective
The aim of this study was to examine supervisees' perspectives about the contribution of two predefined aspects of supervision, supervisory bond (SB) and didactic input of supervisor (DI), to their ascribed outcome of therapy.Method
Supervisees anonymously assessed the SB, supervisors' DI and their contribution to therapy outcome. Assessment was quantitative and qualitative. The supervisory aspects were assessed using a questionnaire constructed for this study. Perceived contribution was evaluated by two scaled questions, and themes generated by an open question. Supervisees (n = 111) evaluated 16 supervisors and supervision’s contribution to psychotherapy outcomes of 111 clients.Findings
Hierarchical regression showed that supervisees' age, supervisors' status and frequency of supervision accounted for 24% of the variance ascribed to outcome. SB and DI accounted for 51% of the variance. These values, which are higher than reported in the literature, may be attributed to the assessment of predefined aspects of supervision by the same assessor. Thematic analysis of the didactic input produced more themes than for the supervisory bond.Conclusion
Sociodemographic variables and supervisory relationship variables determine supervisees' evaluations of supervision’s contribution to outcome.Implications for practice
Training and supervision may benefit from information obtained from quantitative and qualitative measures regarding these and other predefined variables related to supervision. The in-depth look at views and experiences shared by supervisees may advance training, practice and research. 相似文献57.
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BackgroundAdding haptic input by lightly touching a railing or using haptic anchors may improve walking balance control. Typical use of the railing(s) and haptic anchors requires the use of one and two arms in an extended position, respectively. It is unclear whether it is arm configuration and/or the number of arms used or the addition of sensory input that affects walking balance control.Research questionThis study examined whether using one arm or two arms to add haptic input through light touch on a railing or using the haptic anchors affects walking balance control.MethodsIn this study, young adults (n = 24) walked while using (actual use) or pretending to use (pretend use) the railing(s) and haptic anchors with one or two arms. Inertial-based sensors (Mobility Lab, APDM) were used to measure stride velocity, relative time spent in double support (%DS), and peak normalized medio-lateral trunk velocity (pnMLTV).ResultsUsing two arms lead to a decrease in pnMLTV compared to using one arm and pnMLTV was lower in the actual use trials compared to the pretend use trials for the anchors only. Stride velocity and %DS did not change between trials when one or two arms were used or when participants actually or pretended to use the haptic tools. Participants walked slower when using the railing compared to the anchors.SignificanceThe importance of considering the number of arms is highlighted in the improved balance control when using two arms with either tool. The augmented sensory input adds to the stabilizing effect of arm configuration for the anchors but not the railings. These results have implications for future research and rehabilitation efforts emphasizing sensorimotor integration to improve walking balance control. 相似文献
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Belaid Aouni Fouad Ben Abdelaziz Davide La Torre 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》2012,19(5-6):185-200
Supported by a network of researchers and practitioners, the goal programming (GP) model is alive today more than ever and is continually fed with theoretical developments and new applications with resounding success. The standard formulation of the GP model was introduced in the earliest of 1960s, and since then, important extensions and numerous applications have been proposed. One of these variants is the stochastic GP model that deals with the uncertainty of some decision‐making situations by using stochastic calculus. In such a situation, the decision maker is not able to assess with certainty the different parameters. However, he or she can provide some information regarding the likelihood of occurrence of the decision‐making parameter values. The aim of this paper is to highlight the main methodological developments of the stochastic GP model and to present an overview of its applications in several domains. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献