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Siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present greater susceptibility to developmental problems, in comparison with siblings of typically developing children. The greater prevalence of mental health disorders among parents of children with ASD increases younger siblings’ vulnerability to emotional problems. The aim of this study is to compare the interaction between carers and babies aged 2 to 26 months (M = 11.7, SD = 6.9) who are siblings of children with ASD (ASD dyads) with the interaction of dyads of siblings of typically developing children (TD dyads). The protocol of Clinical Indicators of Risk for Child Development and the Coding Interactive Behaviour measures were used to evaluate interaction. ASD dyads presented higher scores of constriction in their interaction, P = .024, with babies presenting higher scores of withdrawal behavior, P = .003, and carers presenting higher scores of depressive mood, P = .008, when compared to TD dyads. The ASD dyads have interactive impairments more frequently than do the TD dyads.  相似文献   
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This study presents the theoretical background, development, and psychometric properties of the German and English versions of the Experience in Personal Social Systems Questionnaire (EXIS.pers). It assesses how the members of a personal social system experience their situation within that system. It is designed as a research tool for interventions in which only one member of the system participates (e.g., Family Constellation Seminars). The EXIS.pers was created to measure change on the individual level relating to one's own important personal social system. In Study 1, we used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for latent variable identification of the original German EXIS.pers (= 179). In Studies 2 and 3, we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the dimensionality of the German (= 634) and English (= 310) EXIS.pers. Internal consistencies and cross‐cultural structural equivalence were assessed. EFA indicated that a four‐factor model provided best fit for the German EXIS.pers. For both the German and English EXIS.pers, CFA provided the best fit for a five‐factor bi‐level model that included a general factor (Experience In Personal Social Systems) and four dimensions (Belonging, Autonomy, Accord, Confidence). Good internal consistencies, external associations, and cross‐cultural structural equivalence were demonstrated. This study provides first evidence for the German and English EXIS.pers as an economical and reliable measure of an individual's experience within his or her personal social systems.  相似文献   
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李霞  龙立荣 《心理科学》2017,40(6):1421-1427
师徒的相互选择过程是师徒关系研究中的一个重要问题。本文采用三个实验探讨了影响师徒相互选择倾向的个体特征因素。实验一和实验二探讨了徒弟选师傅时,师傅的外向性、成就动机水平、管理职务和性别一致性对徒弟选择师傅倾向的影响。实验三探讨了师傅选择徒弟时,徒弟的外向性、成就动机水平和性别一致性对师傅选择徒弟倾向的影响。实验结果表明在徒弟选择师傅时,师傅的外向性、成就动机、管理职务,是影响因素;在师傅选择徒弟时,徒弟的外向性、成就动机水平是影响因素。  相似文献   
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《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(2):139-171
Resumen

Es probable que las primeras experiencias estéticas infantiles no tengan un soporte representacional sino que se conformen con elementos de las denominadas artes temporales: la música y la danza. En el texto se muestra cómo la creación de un diseño del movimiento es asequible para un niño de 22 meses y se intenta tramar la historia evolutiva que lo torna posible. Una trama en la que la actitud contemplativa, los afectos de la vitalidad y el interés desinteresado hacia los objetos se enlazan con las experiencias de intersubjetividad y la musicalidad que caracterizan a las interacciones tempranas. Se señalan, en un primer momento, las diferencias entre la labor infantil con las artes temporales—a la que se denomina elaboración—y el desarrollo del juego funcional, que da lugar al clásico juego de ficción, para luego proponer la hipótesis de que la elaboración podría formar parte del proceso de construcción del símbolo lúdico infantil.  相似文献   
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Se plantea la hipótesis de que la interferencia mutua entre las dos lenguas de los niños bilingües les obliga a desarrollar estrategias especiales de actuación que, de alguna forma, aceleran el desarrollo cognitivo. La muestra estaba compuesta por dos grupos de niños bilingües anglo-hebreos, un grupo evaluado en los Estados Unidos y el otro en Israel, y dos grupos de niños judíos monolingües, de los cuales los evaluados en Estados Unidos sólo hablaban inglés, y los evaluados en Israel sólo hablaban hebreo. En todos los grupos la ocupación de los padres y su nivel educativo eran similares. Se calculó el CI a partir de cuatro subtests del WISC (semejanzas, memoria de dígitos, figuras incompletas y ordenación de imágeneS) y se controló estadísticamente. A pesar del bajo nivel de vocabulario, los bilingües manifestaron un procesamiento más avanzado del material verbal, eran más discriminativos en sus distinciones perceptivas, más propensos a buscar la estructura en situaciones perceptivas, y más capaces de reorganizar sus percepciones como respuesta al feedback.  相似文献   
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To address high rates of mental health and developmental concerns facing young children ages 0–6 in the United States and internationally, providers across professional sectors need Infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) training and support. The training and teleconsultation program (TTP) is a state-funded program developed in one Mountain West state in the United States to provide free IECMH training and teleconsultation to any provider working with young children. The TTP included access to webinars and individual or group consultation with licensed mental health providers. Webinars focused on increasing awareness and knowledge related to attachment and child development, supporting parents and caregivers, trauma-informed practice, supporting emotional health of staff and providers, and culturally responsive practices with infants, young children, and caregivers. Teleconsultation included case consultation, reflective individual and group supervision, and collaboration supports/referrals. During the 18-month evaluation period, 1568 unique providers engaged in either training or teleconsultation services, an average of 9% growth in new providers each month, with representation from all professional sectors and all state counties. This program demonstrates the feasibility and need for statewide training and teleconsultation programs to help meet the needs of providers who interact with and support young children and caregivers.  相似文献   
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Across North America, community agencies and state/provincial jurisdictions are embracing family‐centered approaches to service delivery that are grounded in strength‐based, culturally responsive, accountable partnerships with families. This article details a collaborative consultation process to initiate and sustain organizational change toward this effort. It draws on innovative ideas from narrative theory, organizational development, and implementation science to highlight a three component approach. This approach includes the use of appreciative inquiry focus groups to elicit existing best practices, the provision of clinical training, and ongoing coaching with practice leaders to build on those better moments and develop concrete practice frameworks, and leadership coaching and organizational consultation to develop organizational structures that institutionalize family‐centered practice. While the article uses a principle‐based practice framework, Collaborative Helping, to illustrate this process, the approach is applicable with a variety of clinical frameworks grounded in family‐centered values and principles.  相似文献   
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Practicum fieldwork was conducted in an urban high school setting using a Professional Development Schools (PDS) model, with a focus on multicultural and social justice counseling competencies (MSJCC). Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the journal responses of 16 counseling students to ascertain MSJCC development during fieldwork. Themes emerged related to multicultural counseling skills, self‐awareness, understanding educational inequities, and serving as agents of change. Implications of using a PDS model in counselor training are explored. Se llevó a cabo un trabajo de campo en práctica clínica en una escuela secundaria usando un modelo de Escuelas de Desarrollo Profesional (PDS, por sus siglas en inglés), con un enfoque en las competencias en consejería multicultural y de justicia social (MSJCC, por sus siglas en inglés). Se empleó un análisis fenomenológico interpretativo para analizar las respuestas registradas de 16 estudiantes de consejería para determinar el desarrollo de las MSJCC durante el trabajo de campo. Surgieron temas relacionados con las habilidades en consejería multicultural, la autoconciencia, la comprensión de desigualdades educativas, y la actuación como agentes de cambio. Se exploran las implicaciones de usar un modelo PDS en la formación de consejeros.  相似文献   
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