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61.
Elizabeth Murphy 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2021,66(5):1074-1093
This article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual’s control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities. 相似文献
62.
Yuri Alexandrov Brian Feldman Olga Svarnik Irina Znamenskaya Marina Kolbeneva Karina Arutyunova Andrey Krylov Alexandra Bulava 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2020,65(2):345-365
The concept of regression is considered with an emphasis on the differences between the positions of Freud and Jung regarding its significance. The paper discusses the results of experimental analyses of individual experience dynamics (from gene expression changes and impulse neuronal activity in animals to prosocial behaviour in healthy humans at different ages, and humans in chronic pain) in those situations where regression occurs: stress, disease, learning, highly emotional states and alcohol intoxication. Common mechanisms of regression in all these situations are proposed. The mechanisms of regression can be described as reversible dedifferentiation, which is understood as a relative increase of the representation of low-differentiated (older) systems in the actualized experience. In all of the cases of dedifferentiation mentioned above, the complexity of the systemic organization of behaviour significantly decreases. 相似文献
63.
Eric M. Brown Sonia Ramrakhiani Kevin A. Tate 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2020,48(4):243-256
This article describes a qualitative study with seven first-generation college graduates who went on to complete graduate school and are now working in colleges and universities as counselors and counselor educators. The findings highlight the resources that these participants possessed that contributed to their college success stories. Relational-cultural theory is proposed as a fitting developmental model for college counselors working with this student demographic. Este artículo describe un estudio cualitativo con siete graduados universitarios de primera generación que completaron programas de posgrado y actualmente trabajan como consejeros y educadores de consejeros en universidades y otros centros de estudios superiores. Los resultados resaltan los recursos que poseían los participantes y que contribuyeron a sus historias de éxito en la educación superior. Se propone la teoría relacional-cultural como un modelo de desarrollo apropiado para consejeros de educación superior que trabajan con este grupo demográfico de estudiantes. 相似文献
64.
《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2020,20(2):135-139
Background/Objective: The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among cybervictimization, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and somatic complaints in a 4-month follow-up study. Method: A total of 1,024 high school students (456 male and 568 female, M (SD) = 13.69 years (1.3 years), range 12–18 years, voluntarily participated in this study. Measures of cybervictimization and cognitive strategies were obtained at Time 1. Four months later (Time 2), measures of somatic complaints were obtained. Results: Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to determine the mediating roles of maladaptive strategies in the link between cybervictimization and somatic complaints. As expected, path-analytic results showed that cybervictimization predicted somatic symptoms. Furthermore, some maladaptive regulation strategies, namely self-blame and rumination, partially mediated the link between cybervictimization and somatic symptoms evaluated 4-months later. Conclusions: The findings are discussed in terms of the role that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies might play with regards to physical health in cyberbullying episodes. In general, these findings have important implications for developing an understanding about the affective determinants of somatic health problem initiation and maintenance after a victimization and for developing intervention programs specifically for cybervictimized adolescents. 相似文献
65.
Kenneth Corvo 《Infant mental health journal》2019,40(1):152-164
Research on risks and causes of domestic violence is hampered by a policy framework that not only does not fund but in some cases suppresses inquiry into those causes. This discussion, then, will be placed in the context of those policy frameworks that hamper and distort inquiry. This includes an overview of ideological, political, and historical issues that have shaped those frameworks. Related explanatory theories and theories of practice are summarized. The article will examine known early-life risk factors for those disorders and behaviors associated with domestic violence perpetration. Particular emphasis will be placed on maltreatment and attachment/bonding processes. Framed in broad perspectives of psychosocial theory, risk factors from related literature sources (e.g. general violence and criminality) will be included where risk profiles are substantially similar. 相似文献
66.
Qianwei Wei Cuihong Zhang Jingxu Zhang Shusheng Luo Xiaoli Wang 《Infant mental health journal》2018,39(2):209-219
Poverty and its associated factors put people at risk for depression. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) of primary caregivers and socioemotional development (SED) delays of young children in poor rural areas of China, and to explore the association between them. Cross‐sectional data of 2,664 children aged 3 to 35 months and their primary caregivers were used for analysis. Characteristics of the child, caregiver, and family were collected through face‐to‐face caregiver interviews. DS were assessed by the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (W.W. Zung, 1965, as cited in World Health Organization, 2016b ), and SED was evaluated by the Ages and Stage Questionnaires: Social‐Emotional (J. Squires, D. Bricker, & L. Potter, 1997). The χ2 test, stratification analysis, and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association. Among the caregivers, 40.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] [38.4, 42.1]), reported DS. Caregivers who were male, older and ethnic minorities as well as had a low level of education, a low family income, or more children were more likely to have DS. Of the children, 24.4% (95% CI [22.8, 26.0]) were recognized with SED delays. Older children displayed more delays than did younger children, but no significant differences between males and females were found. SED delays were significantly associated with mother outmigrating, male caregivers, older age, ethnic minorities, and low education or families with a single parent, low‐income, and having more children. Caregivers having DS, odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% CI [1.99, 2.88], was a significant predictor of increased odds of SED delays; other factors were single‐parent family, OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.37, 2.89], inadequate care, OR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.30, 2.21], physical punishment, OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.33, 1.95], ethnic minorities, OR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.17, 1.71], and child age in months, OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.02, 1.04], according to the logistic regression analysis. DS are prevalent among caregivers with young children in poor rural areas. Interventions to improve the mental health of caregivers and their parenting behaviors are needed to improve children's SED. 相似文献
67.
Ester Barberá Heredia 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(10):113-125
ResumenEl artículo se propone realizar un estudio teórico acerca de las repercusiones psíquicas y sociales de la diferenciación sexual, tomando como marco de referencia la interpretación dada por la perspectiva cognitiva a partir del concepto de «esquema basado en la dicotomía del género».El enfoque cognitivo destaca la importancia que ejerce la identificación psico-sexual en la adquisición y desarrollo de las ideas de «masculinidad» y «femineidad». Este proceso de partición del mundo en dos clases sexuales diferenciadas ha resultado doblemente pernicioso tanto para varones como para mujeres, empobreciendo, por un lado, el desarrollo global de la personalidad e impidiendo, por otro, el entendimiento entre sus respectivas visiones del mundo. 相似文献
68.
J. Alonso Tapia 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(17):27-37
ResumenEste artículo incluye dos estudios sobre las relaciones entre la motivación de logro y las atribuciones causales realizados desde una perspectiva evolutiva. En ambos se han examinado 180 sujetos, 60 de 1.°, 60 de 3.° y 60 de 5.° de ECB. El primero, como se esperaba, ha mostrado que sólo desde 5.° de EGB las diferencias existentes dentro de cada una de las variables estudiadas se relacionan igual que en ios adultos, siendo más frecuente la atribución de los resultados al «esfuerzo» en el caso de sujetos con alta motivación. Igualmente han aparecido diferencias significativas entre las atribuciones de ambos grupos de sujetos en I.° de ECB a la «dificultad de la tarea», siendo menor este tipo de atribución en caso de motivación baja. Se ha sugerido una explicación para este resultado no esperado. En el segundo estudio, los resultados no han sido concluyentes en relación con la hipótesis propuesta. Ante este hecho se ha sugerido y comentado una posible explicación. 相似文献
69.
《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(65-66):17-37
ResumenA pesar del interés reciente por las alteraciones del lenguaje en autismo infantil, es notable la carencia de investigaciones en que se analicen las correlaciones de las variables de lenguaje entre sí y con otras variables comportamentales. En este artículo se realiza tal análisis, correlacionando variables lingüísticas entre sí (L.M.E., complejidad estructural, comprensión, porcentaje de ecos y habla socializada, etc.) y con variables no lingüísticas (cociente global de desarrollo, niveles de imitación, percepción, motricidad, integración óculo-manual, cognitivo y cognitivo-verbal, P.A.O.D.). El análisis de los datos intragrupales permite identificar índices lingüísticos de interés para guiar la evaluación clínica, proporciona una base para la valoración pronóstica y permite situar las alteraciones de lenguaje en un contexto global de anomalías que afectan a la construcción de la conducta intencional, el desarrollo de los códigos simbólicos y las conductas de relación e interacción presimbólica. 相似文献
70.
《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(65-66):127-136
ResumenLa tarea clásica de teoría de la mente (Wimmer y Perner, 1983) permite el estudio del desarrollo de la comprensión de algunos verbos mentales. Estos verbos tienen particulares atributos semánticos y lógicos. En la tarea clásica, las preguntas habituales son sobre los verbos «pensar» o «creer» que son verbos intencionales. En este trabajo hemos diseñado una nueva tarea que permite investigar otros verbos epistémicos como «recordar» y «saber» que no tienen un rasgo de intencionalidad. La muestra estaba compuesta por 80 sujetos (cuarenta niños y cuarenta niñas), entre 4,5 y 5,5 años. La mitad de los sujetos fueron evaluados con una pregunta de creencia y la otra mitad con una pregunta de recuerdo. Los resultados nos permiten hacer inferencias sobre la comprensión de los verbos mentales y sobre la diferencia en la compresión de verbos intencionales y no intencionales. Los resultados muestran que la intencionalidad genera más dificultades cognitivas en la comprensión y el uso de algunos verbos mentales. 相似文献