Interpersonal Style and Hypothetical Treatment Choice Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Individual differences between women victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV) may account for whether they choose to seek treatment and what kind of treatment they might prefer. Recent research has highlighted the importance of interpersonal warmth and dominance on women’s response to IPV, although this has not yet been extended to area of treatment choice in the aftermath of IPV victimization. In this study, we examined the association between interpersonal warmth and dominance on four choices of hypothetical treatment (individual therapy only, medication only, combined therapy and medication, and no treatment) in a sample of young adult women victimized by IPV (N = 117). Results indicated that the majority of women would choose therapy (with or without medication) and that interpersonal warmth was negatively associated, and dominance positively associated, with a preference for medication only. These findings extend previous research on both treatment choice and interpersonal style within the context of IPV.     

Depression and sleep quality in older adults: a meta-analysis

The literature emphasizes depression and poor sleep quality as problems that affect many elderly individuals. However, these problems have been related in few studies and there is no meta-analysis performed so far on this relationship. The present research reviewed the studies performed on the subjective sleep quality in order to understand how it relates to depression in older adults. The review was conducted in January 2016 and comprised publications between 2005 and 2015. Based on the electronic databases Web of Science and EBSCO, we used the keywords ‘sleep quality’, ‘depression’, and ‘older’ to identify the empirical studies performed. After assessing the collected studies, we selected those that presented the elderly as participants, resulting in nine papers (N = 3069). A random-effects method was used to evaluate the relationship between depression and sleep. We found that an older person’s lack of good sleep quality is significantly related with depression. The main limitation of this study was the difficulty in collecting a greater number of studies. Future research should consider the importance of additional variables (e.g. moderators) in order to understand and investigate viable interventions for prevention and health promotion in the elderly.     

Association between tobacco use,depression, and anxiety: A cross-national study among university students from 30 low- and middle-income countries

This study aimed to investigate the association between tobacco use and depression and anxiety in a cross-national study among university students from 30 predominantly low- and middle-income countries. Self-report survey data were collected from 23 073 university students (58.0% female), with a mean age of 20.8 years (SD = 2.5). Following logistic regression analyses, tobacco using university students were more likely to have depressive symptoms and anxiety (posttraumatic stress symptoms = PTSS) than non-tobacco using students. Gender stratified analysis found associations between tobacco use and depressive symptoms were stronger among women than men. The associations between tobacco use and anxiety (PTSD) symptoms were stronger among men than women. In this large cross-national study, current tobacco use was significantly associated with depression and anxiety (PTSD) symptoms. Tobacco use prevention efforts can help alleviating mental health problems among university students.     

Primary care screening and risk factors for postnatal depression in Zimbabwe: A scoping review of literature

Postnatal depression (PND) exerts a significant burden on the global public health system, globally affecting approximately 10 to 20% of women. Despite the recently reported high prevalence of PND in Zimbabwe, it is rarely diagnosed or appropriately managed in primary care settings. This review scopes evidence on PND from studies on screening for PND and the associated risk factors conducted in Zimbabwe over the past 20 years. We searched electronic databases for published articles and checked reference lists of studies relating to depression among women in Zimbabwe. We used the following key words: postnatal, depression, women, screening, risk-factors, and Zimbabwe. A total of 14 studies were retrieved as follows: postnatal depression (4), postnatal mental disorders (1), mental disorders among pregnant women (1), and depression and women in general (8). Reported prevalence of PND ranged from 16% to 34.2%. Studies on PND enrolled women from urban and peri-urban settings. Significant risk factors for PND identified among women in Zimbabwe included multi parity, having a spouse who was older than 35years, poorer relations with spouses or partners, having had experienced an adverse event, being unemployed, and having had experienced intimate partner violence. Psychosocial factors are implicated in PND occurrence among Zimbabwean women. There is need to explore the burden of PND among rural communities.     

Associations Between Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Depression Among Same-Sex Couples: Moderating Effects of Dyadic Coping

Drawing from minority stress theory and the systemic–transactional model, we examined whether perceptions of partner's dyadic coping behavior moderated the association between sexual orientation discrimination stress and symptoms of depression among individuals in a same-sex relationship. Data from 95 same-sex couples revealed that, overall, sexual orientation discrimination stress was positively associated with depressive symptoms; however, perceived partner emotion-focused supportive dyadic coping weakened this association. Specifically, higher sexual orientation discrimination stress was associated with greater depressive symptoms only for individuals perceiving low partner emotion-focused supportive dyadic coping. Implications for researchers and clinicians are presented.     

膳食营养与抑郁症的关系

近十几年, 膳食营养与抑郁症的关系受到了研究者越来越多的重视。早期的研究主要考察单一营养元素或食物对于抑郁症的影响, 其中研究最多的是n-3多不饱和脂肪酸和叶酸, 近期的研究开始关注整体膳食模式与抑郁症的联系。膳食营养与抑郁症关联的内在机制涉及炎症反应、氧化应激和脑源性神经营养因子等。以流行病学为主的研究现状限制了膳食营养影响抑郁症的因果解释, 未来的研究应强化对两者关联的内在机制以及现实价值的考察。     

Neurofeedback Treatment of Depression and Anxiety

A robust body of research documents that there are biological predispositions that often exist for depression, anxiety, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. However, new research has shown that medication is only mildly more effective than placebo in the treatment of these problems. In treating these conditions, neurofeedback (EEG biofeedback) may offer an alternative to invasive treatments such as medication, ECT, and intense levels of transcrancial magnetic stimulation. This paper reviews the neurofeedback literature with these problems, finding particularly positive research support for the treatment of anxiety disorders. New findings on the neurofeedback treatment of depression are presented.     

Depression,Panic-Fear,and Quality of Life in Near-Fatal Asthma Patients

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between depressive symptoms and symptom-centered panic-fear (P-F), and reports of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), in persons with near-fatal asthma (NFA), controlling for age, gender, and pulmonary function. Forty persons with NFA were interviewed. Sociodemographic and clinical asthma-related information were collected. HRQOL was assessed by the SF-36 Health Questionnaire, depressive symptoms were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, and P-F was assessed by the P-F scale of the Asthma Symptom Checklist. Multiple regression analyses were carried out with the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the SF-36 as a dependent variable, and depressive symptoms, P-F, age, gender, and pulmonary function as independent variables. Results showed that P-F and age were associated with PCS, whereas depressive symptoms accounted for a marked percentage of the variance explained in MCS. Neither gender nor pulmonary function were related to HRQOL. In conclusion, depressive symptoms and P-F play an important role in how persons with NFA assess their HRQOL. These patient-centered variables are potentially modifiable and may offer new ways to intervene in order to improve HRQOL in persons with NFA.     

压力和应对策略在女性大学生负性情绪产生中的作用

通过对239名女性大学生的问卷调查,探讨了不同类型的压力和应对策略在负性情绪产生中的作用及其特点。结果表明:(1)压力和应对策略作用于负性情绪的过程模型既存在差异性又存在一致性。学业压力可以直接作用于负性情绪,也可通过消极解决问题策略的中介间接作用于负性情绪;经济压力主要通过消极解决问题和寻求支持策略的中介间接作用于负性情绪;人际压力对负性情绪的产生具有直接作用,也通过消极解决问题和寻求支持策略的中介间接作用于负性情绪;(2)在三种压力情境下,消极解决问题和寻求支持策略对负性情绪的产生均具有重要作用。