Solo status revisited: Examining racial group differences in the self-regulatory consequences of self-presenting as a racial solo

The present study examined the impact of racial group membership on the self-regulatory consequences of self-presenting with racial solo status. Based on the strength model of self-regulation, we proposed that individuals who acquire more practice with solo status by virtue of their racial group membership, may find it less depleting relative to individuals with less practice. To examine this, White and racial minority (Black, Hispanic) students at a predominantly White university were asked to engage in a self-presentation task in which they were assigned either racial solo or nonsolo status. Persistence on a subsequent hidden objects task served as the measure of depletion. Results revealed an interaction between racial group membership and solo status. In particular, consistent with previous research, White participants were more depleted (i.e., persisted less) after self-presenting with solo (vs. nonsolo) status. Racial minority participants, however, were not similarly impaired by solo status. These results suggest that our social group memberships, by virtue of the experiences they typically confer, may play an important role in determining which social demands will be depleting for whom.     

相对剥夺感与大学生网络过激行为:自我损耗的中介作用及性别差异

基于自我损耗理论和性别角色观念,以894名具有网络使用经验的大学生为被试,探讨相对剥夺感与大学生网络过激行为的关系及其作用机制。结果表明：（1）相对剥夺感能够显著正向预测大学生网络过激行为;（2）相对剥夺感通过自我损耗的中介作用预测网络过激行为;（3）性别调节该中介模型的前半路径和直接路径。具体来说,相对于女生,男生的相对剥夺感对自我损耗和网络过激行为的预测作用均更大。研究结论有助于揭示大学生网络过激行为的形成机制及个体差异,对大学生网络过激行为的干预具有参考价值。     

心理特权与大学生网络欺骗行为：有调节的中介效应

基于有限自制力理论探讨了心理特权对网络欺骗行为的影响及作用机制,采用心理特权量表、简版自我损耗量表、内隐人格理论量表和青少年网络偏差行为量表对738名大学生进行调查。结果发现：（1）在控制性别的条件下,心理特权显著正向预测网络欺骗行为;（2）心理特权通过自我损耗的中介作用间接预测网络欺骗行为;（3）内隐人格观调节心理特权通过自我损耗预测网络欺骗行为的前半路径,具体来说,相对于渐变论的大学生,实体论大学生的心理特权更多地通过自我损耗影响其网络欺骗行为。     

公仆型领导的负面效应及其缓冲机制探究

过去,研究人员普遍认为公仆型领导是一种对员工、团队和组织有积极作用的领导方式,但新近的研究表明公仆型领导也会引起潜在的负面效应。针对此问题,首先介绍公仆型领导的概念与研究概况。然后,分别从领导者自身和下属员工的角度,基于角色压力、自我控制资源分配、资源保存、内隐追随、领导与成员交换、领导原型等理论,探究公仆型领导的负面效应及其缓冲机制。最后,从研究层面、研究方法、研究视角、研究内容等四个方面提出未来研究建议。     

Contagious resource depletion and anxiety? Spreading effects of evaluative concern and impression formation in dyadic social interaction

Two studies examined how adopting an impression formation or evaluative concern mindset affects individuals' own and their interaction partner's experience of potentially stressful social exchanges, such as first meeting situations and interethnic interaction. Our main hypothesis was that adopting an impression formation mindset would, by diverting individuals' focus away from themselves and toward others, reduce both their own and their partner's cognitive resource depletion and negative affect. Consistent with predictions, positive effects of impression formation were evident and were “contagious” in that they were evident across individuals who received the mindset instructions and their partners, who were unaware of the manipulation. The positive effects of impression formation instructions were generally evident both in comparison to evaluative concern instructions, which provided similar structure, and in comparison to no instructions at all. Thus, adopting an impression formation mindset seems an effective strategy for minimizing negative outcomes experienced in stressful social interactions.     

工作特征对农村中学教师职业倦怠的影响

对20例农村中学教师的深度访谈进行内容分析,发现人际消耗以及社会偏见对职业倦怠起着重要的影响作用。根据访谈的结果编制了教师工作特征的本地化测量工具,对266名被试的测量结果进行因素分析,显示4个因素：缺乏支持和公平感,忙碌感,人际消耗,社会偏见。人际消耗和社会偏见在预测职业倦怠总分和热情枯竭有大于5%的增益方差。人际消耗通过影响精力枯竭造成职业倦怠,社会偏见则通过所有三条路径造成职业倦怠。本研究揭示了影响中国农村中学教师职业倦怠的重要因素——人际消耗和社会偏见     

Exposure to nature counteracts aggression after depletion

Acts of self‐control are more likely to fail after previous exertion of self‐control, known as the ego depletion effect. Research has shown that depleted participants behave more aggressively than non‐depleted participants, especially after being provoked. Although exposure to nature (e.g., a walk in the park) has been predicted to replenish resources common to executive functioning and self‐control, the extent to which exposure to nature may counteract the depletion effect on aggression has yet to be determined. The present study investigated the effects of exposure to nature on aggression following depletion. Aggression was measured by the intensity of noise blasts participants delivered to an ostensible opponent in a competition reaction‐time task. As predicted, an interaction occurred between depletion and environmental manipulations for provoked aggression. Specifically, depleted participants behaved more aggressively in response to provocation than non‐depleted participants in the urban condition. However, provoked aggression did not differ between depleted and non‐depleted participants in the natural condition. Moreover, within the depletion condition, participants in the natural condition had lower levels of provoked aggression than participants in the urban condition. This study suggests that a brief period of nature exposure may restore self‐control and help depleted people regain control over aggressive urges.

     

自我损耗对科学发明问题解决中原型启发效应的影响

采用E-crossing任务和科学发明问题材料,探讨自我损耗对科学发明问题解决中原型启发效应的影响。结果发现：（1）自我损耗在原型激活率、关键启发信息激活率和问题解决正确率上的主效应显著,损耗组的原型激活率、关键启发信息激活率和问题解决正确率均低于控制组;（2）问题解决范式在原型激活率、关键启发信息激活率和问题解决正确率上的主效应显著,“一对一”范式下的原型激活率、关键启发信息激活率和问题解决正确率均高于“十对十”范式。结果表明,自我损耗导致的自我控制资源消耗不利于原型启发效应。