Production planning of Pakistan Tobacco Company (PTC) using quantitative and multiple‐criteria decision analysis—A case in‐point

The main purpose of this paper is to improve the production planning of Pakistan Tobacco Company by selecting the most preferred brand and subsequently generating maximum profit from it. As the company produces a variety of products, the technique of multi criteria decision making is used to select the most preferred brand. To generate the maximum output from the preferred brand, different methods of qualitative managerial analysis are used, which include decision analysis to decide “why and where” the manufacturing should be carried out, transportation model to minimize the logistics cost while meeting the demand, and linear programming technique to maximize the profit generated in 2014–2015. The result obtained from analytical hierarchy process shows that the most preferred brand of the company with respect to price, quality, and comfort is John Player Gold Leaf. The decision analysis explains that this brand should be manufactured in the Jhelum factory of the company as it is more cost‐effective to produce and there is a high availability of resources. Transportation model minimizes the logistics cost of this brand from the 2 factories while meeting the demand at each provinces, central warehouse. Linear programming contributes in generating a profit of 32.738 billion PKR with an amount of 0.35 million PKR, which is more than that of the current profit of the company in the year. These results will allow the top management of the company to take corrective decisions well in time, gain a core competency in cost reduction, and make the supply chain process more efficient.     

OPIOID ABSTINENCE REINFORCEMENT DELAYS HEROIN LAPSE DURING BUPRENORPHINE DOSE TAPERING

A positive reinforcement contingency increased opioid abstinence during outpatient dose tapering (4, 2, then 0 mg/day during Weeks 1 through 3) in non‐treatment‐seeking heroin‐dependent volunteers who had been maintained on buprenorphine (8 mg/day) during an inpatient research protocol. The control group (n = 12) received $4.00 for completing assessments at each thrice‐weekly visit during dose tapering; 10 of 12 lapsed to heroin use 1 day after discharge. The abstinence reinforcement group (n = 10) received $30.00 for each consecutive opioid‐free urine sample; this significantly delayed heroin lapse (median, 15 days).     

MCDM methods in strategic planning of forestry on state‐owned lands in Finland: applications and experiences

The forests in Finland have been under intensive planning for decades. Currently, mathematical programming is widely used in planning of wood production. Today's multi‐functional forestry, however, calls for more flexible decision support methods. MCDM tools have been used in responding to fresh planning challenges. For example, the Finnish Forest and Park Service, entrusted with the care of the vast majority of state‐owned natural resources in Finland, endeavours to produce large‐scale natural resource plans satisfying the needs of both economic, social, and ecological sustainability. Participatory approach is applied in the process. Several forestry applications of MCDM methods, particularly those making use of the AHP or the HIPRE program, have been presented. Also, the outranking methods ELECTRE and PROMETHEE have been tested. Due to the nature of forestry applications, statistical techniques for analysing uncertainties in pairwise comparisons and for utilizing interval judgement data have been developed to improve the usability of the AHP. Recently, a hybrid method called A'WOT, making use of the AHP and SWOT, was also introduced into strategic forest planning. This paper summarizes the experiences gained in applying a MAVT and two outranking methods in connection with a participatory natural resource planning process in Finland. In addition, some results of the method development work related to application needs are briefly presented. The details of the planning cases reviewed here have previously been presented in forestry journals. The purpose of this paper is not only to show how MCDM methods have been applied in forestry, but also to discuss the usability and usefulness of MCDM methods from the viewpoint of supporting forestry decision making—and how they might further be improved. Also, some perspectives for the future development work of MCDM applications in the field of natural resource management are focused on. As a conclusion, the use of more than just one MCDM method in a single planning process is seen usually recommendable. In addition, developing hybrid MCDM methods is regarded as a potential direction for future research. Also, closer co‐operation between method developers and appliers is called for to produce more useful applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人才派遣员工的心理契约管理

人才派遣新型就业用工形式在我国迅速发展,随着人才派遣员工规模不断扩大,人才派遣员工管理逐渐成为理论和实践领域面临的一个现实课题。本文从人才派遣员工心理契约特征分析入手,提出了派遣员工心理契约管理的意义,以及树立新的组织心理契约管理观念、重视派遣员工心理契约的形成管理和过程管理、重视派遣员工心理契约管理的差异化、探索对派遣员工的有效激励模式和规范人才派遣机构的管理行为和用人单位的使用行为等管理思路。     

暴力伤医事件预警防范体系的构建

暴力伤医事件作为当前我国社会热点问题备受关注,其预警防范是医疗机构的重要任务。通过对国内外暴力伤医事件的界定和发生现状的分析,提出为减少暴力伤医事件的发生,有必要在医疗机构中构建暴力伤医事件的预警防范体系,建立暴力伤医事件风险评估和预警系统,并通过医务社会工作和第三方调解的及时介入化解医患矛盾,同时应完善医疗保障制度和相关法律,构建和谐医患关系,促进医疗事业的发展和社会文明的进步。     

北京某肿瘤医院肿瘤心理门诊10年就诊分析

回顾2010—2019年北京大学肿瘤医院肿瘤心理科患者构成、患者特征和门诊处方的变化情况,发现10年间,肿瘤心理门诊患者就诊人次为37885,年就诊量逐年增长,高于该医院的门诊增长率。就诊患者中前五位常见癌症为肺癌、乳腺癌、直肠癌、结肠癌和胃癌。就诊患者中乳腺癌比例下降,肺癌和胃肠道肿瘤比例上升。患者因疼痛就诊的比例逐渐增加;处方镇痛药物联合精神科用药的比例增高,从84.4%上升到91.8%;治疗失眠的药物使用频率高,为35.9%。可见,恶性肿瘤患者对肿瘤心理服务的需求不断增加,肿瘤心理门诊在疼痛等症状管理方面具有优势。

     

关于我国流动人口公共卫生管理的思考

大量的流动人口从农村流入城市,在推动城市社会、经济发展的同时,也带来了诸如流动人口治安管理、子女教育和卫生保健等问题。通过对流动人口公共卫生管理中存在主要问题分析,提出了改善流动人口公共卫生管理构建和谐社会的5项建议。     

Assessing Violence Risk Among Female IPV Perpetrators: An Examination of the B-SAFER

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global problem and one in which frontline assessment and management falls primarily to police. Although IPV is often conceptualized as a male-perpetrated crime, evidence substantiates female IPV perpetration and increased arrest rates, raising important issues for police. This article examines police use of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER; Kropp, Hart, & Belfrage, 2005, 2010), a violence risk assessment tool for IPV. The B-SAFER was used to assess and manage 52 women arrested for IPV. When compared to Belfrage and Strand (2008), who examined men arrested for IPV in the same sample, women possessed fewer risk factors. Risk factors were related to summary risk judgments, although differences existed between genders and risk judgments were not related to management recommendations. Results suggest that risk factors, in addition to those in the B-SAFER, are required to assess risk for female IPV.     

Role playing to train elementary teachers to use a classroom management "skill package"

Two teachers who led regular third-grade classrooms in a suburban elementary school were trained via role-playing to use a broad range of social skills in dealing with group behavioral management in the classroom. Teacher training reduced disruptive student behavior during both seat work and group discussions in both classrooms. A measure of student productivity during arithmetic period in one classroom showed significant gains in arithmetic problems correct per day for the middle and bottom thirds of the class, with the bottom third increasing by 76%.