引入眼动注视点的联合-交叉负载多模态认知诊断建模

多模态数据为实现对认知结构的精准诊断及其他认知特征(如, 认知风格)的全面反馈提供了可能性。为实现对题目作答精度、作答时间(RT)和视觉注视点数(FC)的联合分析, 本文基于联合-交叉负载建模法提出3个多模态认知诊断模型。实证研究及模拟研究结果表明: (1)联合分析比分离分析更适用于多模态数据; (2)新模型可直接利用RT和FC中信息提高潜在能力或潜在属性的估计准确性; (3)新模型的参数估计返真性较好; (4)忽略交叉负载所导致的负面结果比冗余考虑交叉负载所导致的更严重。     

延迟学习判断研究的发展与展望

延迟学习判断是学习判断的一种形式,是指在材料学习完以后间隔一段时间才发生的学习判断。在与即时学习判断的对比研究中发现,延迟学习判断具有较高的相对准确性,这种现象被称为延迟学习判断效应。研究者进行了大量的研究并提出了多种理论来解释这种延迟学习判断效应。随着研究的不断深入,延迟学习判断的研究从研究指标、研究方法甚至是研究的理论基础都在不断更新。延迟学习判断的研究进展,包括主要理论和相关实验,以及最新研究成果将被介绍。最后,文章梳理了延迟JOL的研究进程,并指出了未来的研究方向。     

Problems with Danforth's Early Diagnosis and Observational Bias in Behavior Management

ABSTRACT

Many children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyper-activity Disorder (ADHD) experience difficulties in social relations. While psychosocial approaches based on a combination of skills training and contingency management approaches do appear to improve social behavior, evidence that these benefits generalize and persist following training has been limited. We describe a social skills training program designed to help parents promote the display of appropriate social behavior and better athletic performance in sports settings. The program consists of standard psychological assessment, behavioral parent training, functional assessment, parent-mediated social and sports skills coaching, and generalization and maintenance programming. The goals of this intervention are to promote retention of the child in team sports and facilitate friendship acquisition. Training parents to coach their children effectively in sports-related social skills may prove useful in promoting the maintenance and generalization of skills as well as preventing some of the negative effects of social isolation that frequently accompany an ADHD diagnosis.     

The advantages of formulation over categorical diagnosis in explorative psychotherapy and psychodynamic management

In neurosis and personality disorder, formulation is a clearer guide to aetiology, prognosis and treatment than is categorical diagnosis. Diagnosis and formulation have different and complementary functions. The formulation is an essential component in explorative psychotherapy but also has wide application in psychodynamic management. The content and the making of a formulation are described. the value of a psychodynamic approach in decision making, and in choosing between explorative psychotherapy and psychodynamic management, is illustrated by case examples.     

代谢组学在结直肠癌中的研究进展

结直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤,近年来其发病率和病死率都很高,因此做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗很有必要,肿瘤标志物在结直肠癌的诊治中发挥了重要作用,但癌胚抗原等传统肿瘤标志物远远不能满足临床需要,代谢组学的出现解决了这一难题.代谢组学是近年来新发展起来的一门组学技术,随着各种代谢组学分析技术的发展和联用,使其在结直肠癌中有着越来越深入的研究,可用此技术在结直肠癌患者的组织、血液和尿液中寻找差异性代谢产物作为新的肿瘤标志物,在结直肠癌的诊断和治疗上有很大优势.本文将对代谢组学的概况及其在结直肠癌中的研究进展做一综述.     

Delinquent Peer Group Formation: Evidence of a Gene X Environment Correlation

Emerging evidence suggests that variants of specific genes may influence some youths to seek out or associate with antisocial peers. Using genotypic data (N = 1,816) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (J. R. Udry, 1998, 2003), the authors tested this possibility. They found that the 10R allele of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene was associated with self-reported delinquent peer affiliation for male adolescents from high-risk environments (β range = .13-.14) despite controlling for delinquent involvement, self-control, and drug and alcohol use. The authors discuss the importance of using a biosocial framework to examine issues related to adolescent development.     

A Factorial Analysis of Responses to the Comic as a Study in Personality

Modeling techniques were used to model moderate disclosure to high and low disclosers. Eighty female undergraduates (40 low disclosers and 40 high disclosers) listened to a model select items that were rated as moderate disclosures for discussion. Two modeling conditions were employed; in one condition the model was reinforced by the E (vicarious reinforcement), in the second condition the model was not reinforced. Two control conditions, one with the model present, the other with the model absent were also included. The results of two separate 2 × 4 × 2 repeated measures, hierarchical analyses of variance on the subject distance from modeled intimacy, and the number of moderate items selected on pre- and posttests, indicated that both modeling conditions were successful in producing moderation of self-disclosure.     

Marital Infidelity

SUMMARY

This paper describes die usual course of discovered marital infidelity and its predictable posttraumatic reaction. It contrasts this phenomenon with situations in which the initial reaction to discovery is suppressed, leading to a delayed traumatic reaction. It concludes with suggestions for the treatment of a delayed traumatic reaction, and suggestions designed to sensitize therapists to the possibility of a suppressed reaction to marital infidelity as a possible underlying issue in individual or couples therapy.     

基于项目自动生成的认知诊断测验开发

认知诊断、项目自动生成是现代心理测量领域的重要发展领域,二者的结合更是心理测量领域亟待开展的重要课题。本研究以小学数学问题解决认知诊断项目自动生成为例,探讨认知诊断领域的项目生成技术及算法。研究发现：(1)计算机自生成的项目参数与原模板参数具有较高的一致性。(2)同一项目模板下生成的不同试题的测量学特征基本不变。(3)同一批被试在自动生成的两份试卷的前、后测的能力( )值高度相关(r=0.811),前、后两次对被试诊断结果的一致性高达86.5%。这表明本文所设计的认知诊断测验项目的自动生成技术及其算法基本可行,小学数学问题解决认知诊断项目的自动生成效果较好。这也为其它认知诊断领域的项目自动生成提供了技术借鉴和支持。