The relationship between indecisiveness and eye movement patterns in a decision making informational search task

Indecisiveness is a trait‐related general tendency to experience decision difficulties across a variety of situations, leading to decision delay, worry, and regret. Indecisiveness is proposed (Rassin, 2007) to be associated with an increase in desire for information acquisition and reliance on compensatory strategies—as evidenced by alternative‐based information search—during decision making. However existing studies provide conflicting findings. We conducted an information board study of indecisiveness, using eye tracking methodology, to test the hypotheses that the relationship between indecisiveness and choice strategy depends on being in the early stage of the decision making process, and that it depends on being in the presence of an opportunity to delay choice. We found strong evidence for the first hypothesis in that indecisive individuals changed shift behavior from the first to the second half of the task, consistent with a move from greater to lesser compensatory processing, while the shift behavior of decisive individuals suggested lesser compensatory processing over the whole task. Indecisiveness was also related to time spent viewing attributes of the selected course, and to time spent looking away from decision information. These findings resolve past discrepancies, suggest an interesting account of how the decision process unfolds for indecisive versus decisive individuals, and contribute to a better understanding of this tendency. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重复异位妊娠的临床处理策略

为了探讨重复异位妊娠适宜的临床治疗方案,对2006年1月至2006年12月我科收治的251例异位妊娠中42例重复异位妊娠患者的资料进行回顾性分析,资料显示:重复异位妊娠的发病率为16.7%(42/251),平均发病年龄30.7岁,42例患者中异位妊娠部位与上次发生在同侧输卵管12例,对侧输卵管30例,两次异位妊娠发生间隔的时间最短为2个月,最长为9年,平均3.2年。其中10例为第3次异位妊娠。此次患病手术治疗25例,包括切除输卵管13例,保守性手术12例。因盆腔炎症和保守性手术是重复异位妊娠的危险因素,预防和彻底治疗盆腔炎症是降低重复异位妊娠发生的重要手段,采取保守性治疗或保守性手术时应慎重考虑其对患者将来生育和心理的影响。     

抗菌药物使用中的伦理辨析

抗菌药物合理使用是人与微生物伦理关系的要求,是社会资源优化使用的重要内容并普惠与民。抗菌药物合理使用恰是良好医患关系注释。医疗政策、医院管理对抗菌药物合理使用影响不可替代,医生应主动介入且有社会广泛参与的伦理讨论对抗菌药物合理使用意义重大。     

异位妊娠临床诊疗中的策略与决策

通过异位妊娠的发病率,诊断及治疗中的注意事项,治疗方法的选择的分析,探讨异位妊娠的临床诊断及治疗的策略与决策。为了提高异位妊娠的诊断率、减少误诊率,需要建立合理的临床思维方法和科学的处理程序,为异位妊娠的临床诊断及治疗,提供科学的临床决策方法。     

消化系统疾病与精神心理因素的辩证关系

消化系统疾病与精神心理因素相互影响,其相互作用呈现个体化差异,这与个体间的内环境以及外环境差别有关。主要病理生理学机制之一为"脑-肠轴"及"脑肠互动"学说。临床医生需要认识到二者之间辩证关系的普遍性和重要性,及时发现躯体症状背后潜藏的精神心理问题,综合运用各种心理干预和药物治疗手段。     

个体与群体情境下幼儿延迟策略的实验研究

采用实验法以90名3～5岁的儿童为被试，探讨其在个体和群体情境中延迟策略的使用状况。研究结果表明：在注意转移策略的使用上，存在着显著的年龄差异；在被动策略的使用上4岁组的幼儿具有显著差异；在个体与群体情境下，除了寻求帮助策略上有显著的差异外，其他延迟策略上均无显著差异；在延迟策略的使用上没有显著的性别差异。     

附加点作用下两点距离的触觉辨别

在被动触觉的距离知觉实验中,被试的右手保持不动,将各种三点型式的刺激轻轻接触食指腹侧或以一定速度通过其表面,要求被试判定外侧两点的直线距离并在一根量尺上复现出来．结果发现：（１）当刺激快速通过皮肤表面时,外侧两点距离表现出低估,其知觉距离显著地小于刺激静止或慢速运动条件下的知觉距离;（２）当中间附加点偏离外侧两点间想象连线较大时,外侧两点的知觉距离显著地小于中间附加点偏离较小时的知觉距离,偏离较大的中间附加点似乎将外侧两点拉近了,缩短了其知觉距离,出现知觉亲和现象．这种现象与刺激是否运动无关．     

Conducting Ecologically Valid Prevention Research: Recruiting and Retaining a “Whole Village” in Multimethod, Multiagent Studies

Many prevention studies are now designed with complementary interventions in different settings. Evaluations of these interventions require assessing the child's behavior in each of these settings. Conducting these studies, therefore, may involve recruiting school districts, principals, classroom teachers, peers, parents, siblings, and in later years, employers and intimate partners. These participants may be considered natural raters or satellite subjects, depending on their degree of involvement. Issues of recruitment and retention thus are magnified in multimethod, multiagent studies. To illustrate these issues, findings are presented for three studies conducted with risk populations in the past decade at the Oregon Social Learning Center: a passive longitudinal study, a selected prevention study, and an indicated prevention study. Findings indicate that achieving high recruitment and retention rates for at-risk and high-risk subjects in multisetting studies is possible, and that a developmental approach should be taken to recruiting risk populations.     

进化心理学视角中的腐败行为及心理机制

腐败作为全世界普遍关注的焦点问题,不同领域学者针对腐败行为产生原因与对策进行探讨。普遍认为制度、权力、文化等因素是腐败行为产生的重要原因,个别研究涉及到腐败主体的内在心理。进化心理学从进化和适应的视角对人类行为发生及心理内在特征具有终极解释度。因此,本文在前人研究的基础上,基于进化心理学的独特视角,从个体生命史历程(如童年创伤、贫穷经历等)去揭示腐败行为产生的心理机制。