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911.
Pranay Sanklecha 《Canadian journal of philosophy》2017,47(2-3):229-245
AbstractTheories of intergenerational justice are a very common and popular way to conceptualise the obligations currently living people may have to future generations. After briefly pointing out that these theories presuppose certain views about the existence, number and identity of future people, I argue that the presuppositions must themselves be ethically investigated, and that theories of intergenerational justice lack the theoretical resources to be able to do this. On that basis, I claim it is necessary to do the ‘ethics of metaphysics’ in order to fully comprehend what, if anything, we may owe future generations. I defend these claims against some important objections. 相似文献
912.
变化盲视的最新研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
变化盲视指观察者不能探测到客体或情境中的变化 ,是近十年以来认知心理学的研究热点之一。变化盲视可发生在各种实验条件下。例如 ,在扫视、眨眼、电影镜头切换时发生的变化以及真实情景的交互作用中发生的变化 ,观察者都有可能探测不到。本文介绍了近年来对于变化盲视的研究成果 ,包括经常使用的实验范式和对这个现象的解释等 相似文献
913.
The present longitudinal field study investigated the antecedents and consequences of an actual career change. The framework for this study was Rhodes and Doering's (1983) model of career change. We examined the effect of individual and organisational characteristics on career change behaviour. The individual characteristics were: traits (Openness to Experience, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and general self-efficacy), demographic factors (age, gender, marital status, and children), human capital (education level and occupational tenure), job satisfaction, job search activity and intentions to leave; and organisational factors (job security and salary). The findings showed that a range of individual characteristics were associated with career change including, Openness to Experience, Extraversion, gender, age, educational level, and occupation tenure. However, job security was the only organisational factor related to career change. One year after career change, individuals reported higher job satisfaction, improved job security and a reduction in the number of hours worked. 相似文献
914.
Podlesnik CA Jimenez-Gomez C Thrailkill EA Shahan TA 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2011,96(2):191-213
According to behavioral momentum theory, preference and relative resistance to change in concurrent-chains schedules are correlated and reflect the relative conditioned value of discriminative stimuli. In the present study, we explore the generality of this relation by manipulating the temporal context within a concurrent-chains procedure through changes in the duration of the initial links. Consistent with previous findings, preference for a richer terminal link was less extreme with longer initial links across three experiments with pigeons. In Experiment 1, relative resistance to change and preference were related inversely when responding was disrupted with response-independent food presentations during initial links, replicating a previous finding with rats. However, more food was presented with longer initial links, confounding the disrupter and initial-link duration. In Experiment 2, presession feeding was used instead and eliminated the negative relation between relative resistance to change and preference, but relative resistance to change was not sensitive to relative terminal-link reinforcement rates. In Experiment 3, with more extreme relative terminal-link reinforcement rates, increasing initial-link duration similarly decreased preference and relative resistance to change for the richer terminal link. Thus, when conditions of disruption are equal and assessed under the appropriate reinforcement conditions, changes in temporal context impact relative resistance to change and preference similarly. 相似文献
915.
《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2020,26(4):344-356
The restaurant sector questions through the tensions and difficulties it encounters in order to retain employees. In order to cope with this, some managers are mobilizing managerial innovation. This action research exposes the effects on the trades and the work group of a reorganization of a traditional restaurant into a “freedom-form” company. Based on co-construction between researchers, employees and owners, and the use of qualitative methods (interviews, observations), the research presents the levers for more innovation and “happiness at work”. The study shows that the predispositions of the company and the attachment of employees to it were the essential motivating engine for imagining a new work organization. 相似文献
916.
John D. Arras 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(1):11-30
In this commentary, I critically discuss the respective views of Gert and Beauchamp–Childress on the nature of so-called common
morality and its promise for enriching ethical reflection within the field of bioethics. Although I endorse Beauchamp and
Childress’ shift from an emphasis on ethical theory as the source of moral norms to an emphasis on common morality, I question
whether rouging up common morality to make it look like some sort of ultimate and universal foundation for morality, untouched
by the dialectics of time and reflective equilibrium, was an equally good move. As for Gert’s magisterial conception of common
morality, I conclude that certain elements of his system are controversial at best and woefully inadequate at worst. He has
a tendency to find in common morality what he himself put there, and his highly restricted conception of duties of assistance
strikes this reader as ad hoc, inadequately defended, and unworthy of a project whose goal is to lessen the amount of misery
in the world.
相似文献
John D. ArrasEmail: |
917.
Niina Komsi Katri Räikkönen Kati Heinonen Anu‐Katriina Pesonen Pertti Keskivaara Anna‐Liisa Järvenpää Timo E. Strandberg 《欧洲人格杂志》2008,22(6):553-573
Stability and change in parental extraversion and neuroticism were studied in transaction with their views of their child's temperament from the age of six months to the age of five‐and‐a‐half years in 109 mother–father–child triads (parent–daughter: n = 61, parent–son: n = 48). While parental traits showed high stability, infants' higher positive affectivity predicted an increase in parental extraversion over 5 years, and infant's higher activity predicted a decrease in parental neuroticism. Parent‐rated temperament showed expected heterotypic continuity. Initially higher parental extraversion predicted an increase in the child's effortful control, and higher parental neuroticism predicted an increase in the child's negative affectivity. The results indicate that parental personality and child temperament develop in transaction promoting change in each other. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
918.
医学本体论的当代转向——医学教育模式改革的前提性问题 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
医学本体论,是指“关于医学的”最根本的根据、本质和基础的理论,它是医学赖以存在的本质基础和逻辑根据。当代医学本体论的转向是从人体学本体论向人学本体论的转变。实现这一转变的主要途径在于医学教育模式的改革,而其前提性问题,则是建构人学本体论思想。 相似文献
919.
Barbara A. Stetson Amanda R. Carrico Abbie O. Beacham Craig H. Ziegler Sri Prakash Mokshagundam 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(3):239-249
Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions and is widely encountered by clinicians in medical settings. National Standards for diabetes education recommend utilization of an interdisciplinary team, setting individual lifestyle goals and managing barriers. However, typical diabetes education programs lack integration of strategies for translating recommendations into behavioral actions. The present intervention was developed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a short-term cognitive-behavioral intervention aimed at optimizing self-care behaviors in adults with diabetes in a “real world” medical setting. Participants were 20 adults who had completed medical model outpatient diabetes education. The intervention consisted of 6 weekly sessions that addressed the role of behavior in diabetes including self-care barriers, cognitions and self-regulation. Pre-post intervention data indicated greater specificity in goal-setting. Participants who kept activity records had the greatest lifestyle activity behavior change. Findings suggest that a brief intervention addressing realistic goal-setting is feasible and can promote meaningful health behavior changes. Clinical psychology can provide a bridge between current diabetes care recommendations and available medical resources by providing training in and delivery of empirically supported behavior change strategies and evaluation of diabetes care treatment approaches. 相似文献
920.
医疗费用的水准及其变化过程主要取决于一个国家的经济发展水平。我们预测其变化趋势可能经历三个新阶段。因此,在宏观管理上要注意四个方面的政策取向:重效率轻收入、重效果轻价格、重科学管理轻粗放经营、重长远利益轻眼前利益。 相似文献