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921.
Robert Kimball, in “What’s Wrong with Argumentum Ad Baculum?” (Argumentation, 2006) argues that dialogue-based models of rational argumentation do not satisfactorily account for what is objectionable about more malicious uses of threats encountered in some ad baculum arguments. We review the dialogue-based approach to argumentum ad baculum, and show how it can offer more than Kimball thinks for analyzing such threat arguments and ad baculum fallacies. 相似文献
922.
923.
Although the change of beliefs in the face of new information has been widely studied with some success, the revision of other
mental states has received little attention from the theoretical perspective. In particular, intentions are widely recognised as being a key attitude for rational agents, and while several formal theories of intention have been
proposed in the literature, the logic of intention revision has been hardly considered. There are several reasons for this: perhaps most importantly, intentions are very closely connected
with other mental states—in particular, beliefs about the future and the abilities of the agent. So, we cannot study them
in isolation. We must consider the interplay between intention revision and the revision of other mental states, which complicates
the picture considerably. In this paper, we present some first steps towards a theory of intention revision. We develop a
simple model of an agent’s mental states, and define intention revision operators. Using this model, we develop a logic of
intention dynamics, and then investigate some of its properties. 相似文献
924.
In this paper, the authors describe their initial investigations in computational metaphysics. Our method is to implement axiomatic metaphysics in an automated reasoning system. In this paper, we describe what we have discovered when the theory of abstract objects is implemented in prover9 (a first-order automated reasoning system which is the successor to otter). After reviewing the second-order, axiomatic theory of abstract objects, we show (1) how to represent a fragment of that theory in prover9’s first-order syntax, and (2) how prover9 then finds proofs of interesting theorems of metaphysics, such as that every possible world is maximal. We conclude the paper by discussing some issues for further research. 相似文献
925.
A Note on Binary Inductive Logic 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
We consider the problem of induction over languages containing binary relations and outline a way of interpreting and constructing
a class of probability functions on the sentences of such a language. Some principles of inductive reasoning satisfied by
these probability functions are discussed, leading in turn to a representation theorem for a more general class of probability
functions satisfying these principles. 相似文献
926.
Paolo Liberatore 《Studia Logica》2007,86(1):89-110
A consistency default is a propositional inference rule that asserts the consistency of a formula in its consequence. Consistency
defaults allow for a straightforward encoding of domains in which it is explicitely known when something is possible. The
logic of consistency defaults can be seen as a variant of cumulative default logic or as a generalization of justified default
logic; it is also able to simulate Reiter default logic in the seminormal case. A semantical characterization of consistency
defaults in terms of processes and in terms of a fixpoint equation is given, as well as a normal form.
Presented by Melvin Fitting 相似文献
927.
基于范例推理(CBR)是人类常用的一种解决问题方式,也是人工智能的一种研究范式,在许多领域都得到了应用。但CBR也可能受到心理定势和负迁移的影响,对于创造性思维有一定的负面作用。研究对CBR进行了改进,提出了在外域搜索范例并作可拓变换的方法,称为基于外域范例的可拓推理,并将它运用到产品创新构思系统的设计中,为把认知心理学应用到国家经济建设中提供了新思路。 相似文献
928.
作者创新提出对归纳推理非对称性现象的特征迁移解释,认为根据由前提类别已知的特征集合构成的特征样本中迁移出现在结论类别中的特征的比例,能预测作为新特征的归纳特征由前提类别迁移到结论类别的可能性。以大学生为被试的实验结果支持对非对称性现象的特征迁移解释而不是原来的两种相似性解释。 相似文献
929.
Broda Krysia; Ma Jiefei; Sinnadurai Gabrielle; Summers Alexander 《Logic Journal of the IGPL》2007,15(4):293-304
Pandora is a tool for supporting the learning of first ordernatural deduction. It includes a help window, an interactivecontext sensitive tutorial known as the "e-tutor" and facilitiesto save, reload and export to LATEX. Every attempt to applya natural deduction rule is met with either success or a helpfulerror message, providing the student with instant feedback.Detailed electronic logs of student usage are recorded for evaluationpurposes. This paper describes the basic functionality, thee-tutor, our experiences of using the tool in teaching and ourfuture plans. 相似文献
930.
We extend answer set programming (ASP) with, possibly infinite, open domains. Since this leads to undecidable reasoning, we restrict the syntax of programs, while carefully guarding knowledge representation mechanisms such as negation as failure and inequalities. Reasoning with the resulting extended forest logic programs (EFoLPs) can be reduced to finite answer set programming, for which reasoners are available.We argue that extended forest logic programming is a useful tool for uniformly representing and reasoning with both ontological and rule-based knowledge, as they can capture a large fragment of the OWL DL ontology language equipped with DL-safe rules. Furthermore, EFoLPs enable nonmonotonic reasoning, a desirable feature in locally closed subareas of the Semantic Web. 相似文献