深层失读及其认知神经心理康复

以语义性错读为特征的深层失读症是一类特殊的阅读障碍类型,它的存在提示了人类在口语阅读过程中需要经过语义性通路。深层失读在拼音文字使用者中并不多见,但在汉语使用者中却多有发现,这种差别提示了汉字阅读与拼音文字阅读之间可能存在某种重要区别。该文概要介绍了深层失读的表现,比较了汉语深层失读与拼音文字深层失读的差异,阐述了深层失读的机制,同时介绍了深层失读病人的神经心理康复手段和方法     

The interactive effects of role overload and resilience on family-work enrichment and associated outcomes

ABSTRACT

Using an interactionist perspective and conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examined the interactive effects of resilience and role overload on family-work enrichment and the outcomes of surface acting, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. The model was tested using a sample of 156 full time employees who completed surveys at two time periods. As expected, resilience was positively related to family-work enrichment and family-work enrichment was negatively related to surface acting and emotional exhaustion and positively related to job satisfaction demonstrating mediating effects for family-work enrichment. Role overload moderated the positive relationship between resilience and family-work enrichment such that the relationship was weaker when role overload was high indicating a boundary condition for the favorable effects of resilience. Finally, support was found for the conditional indirect effects of resilience on surface acting, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction through family-work enrichment such that the relationships were weaker when role overload was high.     

Numerosity discrimination in deep neural networks: Initial competence,developmental refinement and experience statistics

Both humans and non‐human animals exhibit sensitivity to the approximate number of items in a visual array, as indexed by their performance in numerosity discrimination tasks, and even neonates can detect changes in numerosity. These findings are often interpreted as evidence for an innate ‘number sense’. However, recent simulation work has challenged this view by showing that human‐like sensitivity to numerosity can emerge in deep neural networks that build an internal model of the sensory data. This emergentist perspective posits a central role for experience in shaping our number sense and might explain why numerical acuity progressively increases over the course of development. Here we substantiate this hypothesis by introducing a progressive unsupervised deep learning algorithm, which allows us to model the development of numerical acuity through experience. We also investigate how the statistical distribution of numerical and non‐numerical features in natural environments affects the emergence of numerosity representations in the computational model. Our simulations show that deep networks can exhibit numerosity sensitivity prior to any training, as well as a progressive developmental refinement that is modulated by the statistical structure of the learning environment. To validate our simulations, we offer a refinement to the quantitative characterization of the developmental patterns observed in human children. Overall, our findings suggest that it may not be necessary to assume that animals are endowed with a dedicated system for processing numerosity, since domain‐general learning mechanisms can capture key characteristics others have attributed to an evolutionarily specialized number system.     

The Psychotherapeutic Encounter: Sexual Acting Out As the Focus of Intervention

Clinical observation indicates that sexual acting out takes place during periods in which the integrity of the self is threatened by some disappointment, some frustration, or what is perceived as an unavoidable but unfair demand. Rather than confront the problem within the object relationship, the conflict is acted out. The sexual encounter reduces anxiety and facilitates the containment of depressive and aggressive feelings. Self-integration is attempted even at the risk of losing something, be it a wife, a husband, a girlfriend or the presidency. At the time it seems the only possible way to cope with painful or threatening stimuli.     

深层生态学的精神资源与文化根基

通过梳理深层生态学与西方传统哲学(古希腊哲学、斯宾诺莎、新黑格尔主义)、东方思想(儒家、道家、道元、甘地)、以及现代西方思想(怀特海、后期海德格尔、人本主义心理学)之间在本体论、认识论、方法论和价值观方面的联系,本文试图为深层生态学的创造潜力、精神生命力和文化魅力提供某种跨文化的注解和说明。     

The Tao of Creating Sacred Relationships

SUMMARY

This article articulates the major premises of Sheldon Z. Kramer's book, Transforming the Inner and Outer Family: Humanistic and Spiritual Approaches to the Mind-Body Systems Therapy(The Haworth Press, Inc., 1995). This overview briefly introduces and explains the power of meditation in psychotherapy, meditation and the use of the body, creating congruent communication, working with incongruence in couples and bridging the inner and outer couple.     

Towards a better use of psychoanalytic concepts: A model illustrated using the concept of enactment

It is well known that there is a lack of consensus about how to decide between competing and sometimes mutually contradictory theories, and how to integrate divergent concepts and theories. In view of this situation the IPA Project Committee on Conceptual Integration developed a method that allows comparison between different versions of concepts, their underlying theories and basic assumptions. Only when placed in a frame of reference can similarities and differences be seen in a methodically comprehensible and reproducible way. We used “enactment” to study the problems of comparing concepts systematically. Almost all psychoanalytic schools have developed a conceptualization of it. We made a sort of provisional canon of relevant papers we have chosen from the different schools. The five steps of our method for analyzing the concept of enactment will be presented. The first step is the history of the concept; the second the phenomenology; the third a methodological analysis of the construction of the concept. In order to compare different conceptualizations we must know the main dimensions of the meaning space of the concept, this is the fourth step. Finally, in step five we discuss if and to what extent an integration of the different versions of enactment is possible.     

CHALLENGES TO THE TRADITIONAL CHRISTIAN CONCEPT OF HISTORY

Present knowledge of evolutionary history challenges traditional concepts of the Christian salvation history. In order to overcome these challenges, theology needs to articulate a wider, more open and more universal approach to the understanding of God's salvific action. One way of doing this is to employ the notion of “deep incarnation” suggested by Danish theologian Niels Henrik Gregersen. His suggestion may also blur the lines that mark a sharp distinction between the history of creation and the history of salvation, in a way that safeguards some of the basic tenets of classical theology.     

践行患者受益的基本原则——从累及泌尿生殖系统复杂子宫内膜异位症临床处置谈起

“患者受益”作为临床处置决策的基本原则在日常的医疗工作中发挥着积极的作用。同样也在常见类型子宫内膜异位症（EM）诊疗过程中得到很好地贯彻执行。然而,对于少见的累及泌尿系的EM,由于缺乏可靠的临床循证医学证据用以指导患者具体的临床处理,把握患者利益最大化原则就显得尤为重要。怎样掌握累及泌尿生殖系子宫内膜异位症患者临床处置决策中的关键要素,尽可能为患者保留生殖能力与泌尿系统的完整性,以提高日后的生活质量。除需要详细了解患者病史特别是手术史、盆腔影像学检查、肾脏功能评估结果外,选择个性化的干预手段并对预后进行综合评估,制定最为适合的治疗方案是至关重要的。本文结合临床典型病例就此问题做一剖析。     

催眠定义探新：以恍惚为特色的深度沟通

综述催眠发展史上主要催眠观点,归纳其激活、意境、灵活、具身及整合等基本特征,继而提出催眠是一种以恍惚为特色的深度沟通的新定义,认为催眠本质上是一种沟通,恍惚是其特色,深度与恍惚相结合有助于界定催眠。未来应加强与认知神经科学、精神分析以及中国传统文化等的融合研究。