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91.
Subscores are of increasing interest in educational and psychological testing due to their diagnostic function for evaluating examinees' strengths and weaknesses within particular domains of knowledge. Previous studies about the utility of subscores have mostly focused on the overall reliability of individual subscores and ignored the fact that subscores should be distinct and have added value over the total score. This study introduces a profile reliability approach that partitions the overall subscore reliability into within-person and between-person subscore reliability. The estimation of between-person reliability and within-person reliability coefficients is demonstrated using subscores from number-correct scoring, unidimensional and multidimensional item response theory scoring, and augmented scoring approaches via a simulation study and a real data study. The effects of various testing conditions, such as subtest length, correlations among subscores, and the number of subtests, are examined. Results indicate that there is a substantial trade-off between within-person and between-person reliability of subscores. Profile reliability coefficients can be useful in determining the extent to which subscores provide distinct and reliable information under various testing conditions. 相似文献
92.
The goal of this research was to test whether subjective memory experiences drive accuracy regulation decisions above and beyond objective memory indices. In four experiments (n?=?115) subjective recollection (i.e., reporting “Remember” in the Remember-Know task) was dissociated from memory accuracy by manipulating retrieval during a two-alternative forced-choice recognition task: in the Match condition the distracter was a novel exemplar of the target (e.g., a studied and an unstudied toaster) and in the Non-match condition the distracter was a novel exemplar of another studied but untested item (e.g., a studied toaster and an unstudied birdhouse). Participants were more accurate on Match trials, but reported subjective recollection more frequently on Non-match trials. Critically, participants also bet more often on Non-match trials to the detriment of their score (Experiment 1). This pattern persisted when participants were additionally required to retrieve details about items (Experiment 2) and when confidence assessments were collected (Experiment 3). Finally, participants bet more on Non-match trials even when subjective judgments were not elicited, suggesting that the decision process does not require reporting on subjective experience (Experiment 4). These results indicate that subjective memory experiences guide decision-making independent of objective accuracy and thus are critical to accuracy regulation. 相似文献
93.
主客体互倚性模型(APIM)以成对数据作为分析单元,是成对数据分析的重要方法。基于APIM中的主体效应与客体效应,Kenny等人论述了APIM的四种成对模式:主体模式、客体模式、对偶模式与对比模式。通过定义客体效应与主体效应的比值为k,Kenny等人提出了定量指标,以分析主客体互倚性的成对模式。成对模式分析有助于简化数据结果、检验理论模型、解析群体互动过程。虽然k值的检验程序较为复杂,但APIM成对模式及k值的提出,对于成对数据分析,特别是家庭研究与组织心理学研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
94.
非正式信息是变革前信息沟通的重要组成部分, 对变革决策和执行有潜在的影响。围绕组织变革前非正式信息开展以下研究:(1)探究组织变革前非正式信息的内涵和结构; (2)基于心理因应和认知重构机制, 探索员工获取非正式信息之后, 其变革认知和情感的动态调整过程; (3)研究潜在的组织变革决策→非正式信息反馈→再决策过程, 即变革领导者通过获得员工变革认知和情感的反馈, 进行渐进决策优化的过程。研究结果能丰富变革沟通理论和指导我国变革实践。 相似文献
95.
姜素椿 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,(16)
对传染病的处理,根据几千年历史的共视,近半个世纪的科学进步,传染病的变迁,特别是今年突发传染病的暴发;以及传染病本身的三个特点即病原、传播途径及易感者等,预防为主应该是首要决策。目前引起全球震惊的禽流感,由于病原易变,同时野禽感染导致污染源不好控制,病禽感染人的病死率竟高达50%。从病原、病源及治疗方面都很棘手,未知数不少,治疗缺少现成的经验。因此防禽流感、人流感及治疗方面均要掌握预防为主的决策主体,无病有防,有病早发现,早治疗,既防播散又防加重病情,还要防止不合理施治造成不良反应及二重感染。 相似文献
96.
97.
Barbara Farnham 《Political psychology》2004,25(3):441-463
One of the most pressing concerns in the study of international relations today is to develop a systematic account of the impact of domestic politics on foreign policy. This paper argues that domestic politics frequently influences foreign policy through a process of decision-making that grows out of the decision-maker's awareness of the requirements for effective action in the political context. It is therefore necessary to develop a theory that can explain how the political context's characteristic features affect decision-makers' thinking. In attempting to combine insights culled from the literature on political decision-making with psychological theories of decision-making processes, this paper offers a first step toward such a theory. 相似文献
98.
旅游决策影响因素研究 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
本研究采用自编的《旅游决策影响因素问卷》,对旅游决策的影响因素,进行了调查研究。结果发现.旅游决策的影响因素.可以分成六个类别.即旅游服务因素、社会支持因素、群体支持因素、个人心理因素、个人社会经济因素,以及其他因素。此外.旅游决策还受决策者的人口统计学特征的制约。 相似文献
99.
100.