Asymmetries in the acquisition of polar adjectives: Linguistic or conceptual?

This study was designed to determine whether the asymmetry in children's acquisition of polar adjective pairs is based on linguistic factors related to differences in adult usage and frequency or on an underlying conceptual difference. 24 children, aged 3;7–4;11, took part in a concept-learning task in which nonsense syllables replaced English words for the positive and negative ends of four dimensions: size, height, length, and thickness. The data indicate that the syllables for the negative end of each dimension have a longer learning period and a greater prelearning error rate. These results support the hypothesis that the asymmetry observed in the acquisition of polar adjectives is based on an underlying conceptual asymmetry.     

The development of memory structure as reflected by semantic-priming effects

This study was designed to investigate the development of knowledge about categorical and associative relationships as reflected by the presence or absence of semantic priming effects. Kindergarteners and second-graders were shown pairs of pictures, one picture at a time, and asked to name each picture as rapidly and accurately as possible. Picture pairs were of four types which reflected the factorial combination of associative relatedness (high and low) with categorial relatedness (high and low). An analysis of naming times revealed a significant main effect of associative relatedness, i.e., second pictures or “target” pictures in high-associative pairs were named faster than those in low-associative pairs. This reduction in naming latency, or priming effect, was independent of developmental level. However, the effects of category relatedness varied with developmental level, i.e., target pictures in high-categorical pairs were named significantly faster than those in low pairs by second-graders, but not by kindergarteners. These findings are discussed in terms of previous estimates of children's semantic competence.     

听障儿童外部情绪理解研究

通过自编的外部情绪理解问卷,考察了听障儿童表情识别、情绪情景识别和提示物理解等外部情绪理解三个成分的发展状况。结果表明:(1)听力障碍儿童在外部情绪整体理解、表情识别、情绪情景识别和提示物理解四方面的得分都显著低于普通儿童;(2)不同年级听力障碍儿童的外部情绪理解、表情识别、情绪情景识别和提示物理解四方面得分存在显著差异,不同性别听力障碍儿童外部情绪理解差异不显著;年级和性别的交互作用显著;(3)父母听力状况不同的听障儿童,其外部情绪理解水平差异显著。DD儿童的外部情绪整体理解、表情识别和情绪情景识别得分显著高于DH儿童。     

家庭社会学特征对住院患者影响的研究

近年来,医患关系日趋紧张,由于我国特殊的家庭文化传统,患者家属及整个家庭在医患关系的形成、恶化、缓解等各个环节都具有举足轻重的作用。采用自制问卷调查广州地区的住院患者,探讨家庭社会学特征对住院患者家庭依赖的影响。结果显示,患者的年龄、家庭规模、家庭地位、月收入、学历对患者就医行为的家庭依赖影响的差异有统计学意义。临床医生在处理医患关系时应该依据患者不同的家庭社会学特征,有侧重地对患者本人或家属做好沟通工作,促进医患关系的和谐发展。     

人类积极发展的资源模型——积极青少年发展研究的一个重要取向和领域

积极青少年发展观(Positive Youth Development Perspective,PYD)自20世纪90年代出现以来迅速推动了发展心理学知识的创新与应用,其中发展资源框架(The Developmental Assets Framework)是研究者进行深入探讨与应用研究的一个重要模型.发展资源是指一系列能够有效促进所有青少年获得健康发展结果的相关经验、关系、技能和价值观,本文在这一概念的基础上介绍了发展资源模型的结构、构建与发展基础以及基于该模型的重要假设及实证研究,并在综述研究的基础上探讨了资源模型的未来研究方向.     

北宋医理进展及渊源考述:以五脏辨证体系为线索

张仲景时期五脏证治概念界定边缘清晰,又能化整为零,分散于各具体证治。之后经六朝隋唐,杂病领域的积累致使内部有重新整合的刚性需求。而承载多层五脏辨证新说的七篇《大论》的出现切合发展时机。进入北宋之后,七篇《大论》没有立刻产生影响,直至仁宗时,由于国家校正医书局整理刊刻新《素问》才流行开来。随之而来,医家不断发挥新说。标志当时学术高度的是钱乙的《小儿药证直诀》,书中将化博为约、重新审察旧说、注重五脏辨证等北宋医学之新象发挥得淋漓尽致。北宋医理的突出进展,是发生于五脏辨证的学术脉络之下。     

随机棋局存在专家记忆优势效应吗?

专家在其擅长领域中 ,对有意义刺激所表现出的记忆优势效应 ,已为诸多研究所证实。然而 ,对于随机刺激 ,专家是否存在记忆优势 ,尚未有明确的研究结果。文章以中国象棋为实验材料探讨这一问题 ,在一定程度上克服了先前研究中实验材料的局限性。实验结果表明 ,随机刺激不存在专家记忆优势效应。作者还比较了模板理论和限制调节理论 ,认为前者优于后者     

外在特征变化对人像辨认的影响

运用眼动分析法探讨了外在特征变化对人像辨认的影响,即外在特征多少、学习与辨认外在特征的一致性对人像辨认的影响。因变量为人像辨认的反应时、辨别力、注视次数、眼跳幅度。实验表明：学习与辨认的一致性对人像辨认影响显著,外在特征多少对人像辨认影响不显著。     

干宝易学哲学之探讨

干宝易学蕴涵的总体宇宙关怀和终极人文关切主要包括:理想礼法秩序的构建、圣人君子的人格期冀、天人合一的价值诉求三个方面.具体表现为:各安其位、各正性命的合理社会秩序建设;圣人君子家国天下的责任担当与深挚的忧患意识期许;天人相应、应天顺民的天人有序而和谐的价值追求.干宝易学思想终极价值的内容是其易学思想人文精神的集中体现和形上学维度的积极展开,这三个组成部分无不彰显干宝对于现实的关切并积极面对的态度,是其儒家价值理想与人生追求的集中体现.在对于现实问题的解读以及解决的内容和方式中,干宝既有对于传统的继承,又有其无可替代的个人观解.而面对所遭遇到的时代性问题,干宝尽力给出了一位真正儒者的解答.