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101.
Hiroshi Hojo 《The Japanese psychological research》2003,45(3):188-201
Abstract: At least two types of models, the vector model and the unfolding model can be used for the analysis of dichotomous choice data taken from, for example, the pick any/ n method. The previous vector threshold models have a difficulty with estimation of the nuisance parameters such as the individual vectors and thresholds. This paper proposes a new probabilistic vector threshold model, where, unlike the former vector models, the angle that defines an individual vector is a random variable, and where the marginal maximum likelihood estimation method using the expectation-maximization algorithm is adopted to avoid incidental parameters. The paper also attempts to discuss which of the two models is more appropriate to account for dichotomous choice data. Two sets of dichotomous choice data are analyzed by the model. 相似文献
102.
XU Yingjin 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2016,11(1):3-20
Wittgenstein is widely viewed as a potential critic of a key philosophical assumption of the Strong Artificial Intelligence (AI) thesis,namely,that it is in principle possible to build a programmed machine which can achieve real intelligence.Stuart Shanker has provided the most systematic reconstruction of the Wittgensteinian argument against AI,building on Wittgenstein's own statements,the "rule-following" feature of language-games,and the putative alliance between AI and psychologism.This article will attempt to refute this reconstruction and its constituent arguments,thereby paving the way for a new and amicable rather than agonistic conception of the Wittgensteinian position on AI. 相似文献
103.
Demand Response (DR) is a key attribute to enhance the operation of smart grid. Demand response improves the performance of the electric power systems and also deals with peak demand issues. Demand Response (DR) implementation for residential consumers is potentially accredited by Home Energy Management System (HEMS). This paper presents an algorithm for home energy management system to shift the schedulable loads in a residential home, that neglects consumer discomfort and minimizes electricity bill of energy consumption using Hourly-Time-Of-Use (HTOU) pricing scheme. Supervised learning algorithm is used in this paper to learn the usage patterns of consumers to allow schedulable appliances at a residential home to autonomously overcome consumer discomfort. Simulation results confirms that the proposed algorithm effectively decreases consumer electricity bill, decreases peak load demand and also avoids consumer discomfort. 相似文献
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The main purpose of this article is to develop a Bayesian approach for structural equation models with ignorable missing continuous and polytomous data. Joint Bayesian estimates of thresholds, structural parameters and latent factor scores are obtained simultaneously. The idea of data augmentation is used to solve the computational difficulties involved. In the posterior analysis, in addition to the real missing data, latent variables and latent continuous measurements underlying the polytomous data are treated as hypothetical missing data. An algorithm that embeds the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm within the Gibbs sampler is implemented to produce the Bayesian estimates. A goodness-of-fit statistic for testing the posited model is presented. It is shown that the proposed approach is not sensitive to prior distributions and can handle situations with a large number of missing patterns whose underlying sample sizes may be small. Computational efficiency of the proposed procedure is illustrated by simulation studies and a real example.The work described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the HKSAR (Project No. CUHK 4088/99H). The authors are greatly indebted to the Editor and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments in improving the paper; and also to D. E. Morisky and J.A. Stein for the use of their AIDS data set. 相似文献
106.
Yang Liu 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2021,74(1):139-163
In exploratory factor analysis, latent factors and factor loadings are seldom interpretable until analytic rotation is performed. Typically, the rotation problem is solved by numerically searching for an element in the manifold of orthogonal or oblique rotation matrices such that the rotated factor loadings minimize a pre-specified complexity function. The widely used gradient projection (GP) algorithm, although simple to program and able to deal with both orthogonal and oblique rotation, is found to suffer from slow convergence when the number of manifest variables and/or the number of latent factors is large. The present work examines the effectiveness of two Riemannian second-order algorithms, which respectively generalize the well-established truncated Newton and trust-region strategies for unconstrained optimization in Euclidean spaces, in solving the rotation problem. When approaching a local minimum, the second-order algorithms usually converge superlinearly or even quadratically, better than first-order algorithms that only converge linearly. It is further observed in Monte Carlo studies that, compared to the GP algorithm, the Riemannian truncated Newton and trust-region algorithms require not only much fewer iterations but also much less processing time to meet the same convergence criterion, especially in the case of oblique rotation. 相似文献
107.
提出了一种改进的分层并行演化算法。针对传统算法中"同构子种群"和"同步通信"所引发的问题,新算法构建了异构模型,并将各子种群充分连接。子种群一旦满足迁移条件,便可按照预设的迁移模式实施异步迁移。仿真实验结果表明,本文提出的新算法有效地解决了"征服问题"和"无效问题",避免了算法的过早收敛,提高了算法的效率。 相似文献
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当前绝大多数认知诊断计量模型仅适用于0-1评分数据资料, 大大限制了认知诊断在实际中的应用, 也限制了认知诊断的进一步推广和发展。本文对具有较好发展前景的DINA模型进行拓展, 开发出适合多种评分(含0-1二级评分和多级评分)数据资料的P-DINA模型, 同时采用MCMC算法实现模型参数的估计, 并对该模型性能进行研究。结果表明:(1)本文开发的P-DINA模型无论是在无结构型属性层级关系下还是在结构型属性层级关系下, 参数估计的精度均较高, 参数估计的稳健性较强, 说明开发的P-DINA模型基本合理、可行。(2)P-DINA模型可采用MCMC算法实现参数估计, 且参数估计的精度较高。(3)整体来看, 无结构型属性层级关系和结构型属性层级关系下, P-DINA模型在项目参数的估计精度上两者基本相当; 但在被试属性判准率(MMR和PMR)上无结构型属性层级关系表现的稍差一些。(4)无结构型属性阶层关系下:模型诊断的属性个数越多, 参数 估计的精度越差、属性诊断的正确率(MMR和PMR)越低, 但参数 的估计精度越好; 若想保证属性模式判准率在80%以上, 建议诊断的属性个数不宜超过7个。总之, 本研究为拓展认知诊断在教育学和心理学中的应用提供了一种新方法、新模型。 相似文献