足部畸形的矫正与美学要求

现在,对足部畸形的定义、外科矫正要求、技术方法的选择与治疗目标的确立出现了新的概念,即在保证医疗效果的前提下必须兼顾美学和患者心理的要求。这就要求现代的骨科医生应当学习、提高美学的相关知识,用艺术的视角、美学的方法和数字化的科学标准,评估技术方法、医疗流程和治疗结果,使每例足踝畸形的矫正达到满意的疗效和艺术作品的效果。     

生殖器疱疹研究现状及诊疗过程中的伦理问题

生殖器疱疹是单纯疱疹病毒感染生殖器部位皮肤黏膜所引起的炎症性疾病,是常见的性传播性疾病之一。近年来,随着其在人群中的流行率的不断增高,在国内已成为一个令人关注的公共卫生问题。本文就其病原学、流行状况、传播和潜在的危险性作一概述,并分析了在其诊疗过程中的伦理问题及相关的对策。     

患者隐私权的研究现状与保护进展

患者隐私权是患者的一项重要人格权。世界范围内病人权利运动的广泛开展及公民个人隐私保护意识的逐渐增强,使患者隐私权越来越受到关注。目前学者们对患者的隐私和隐私权看法各异,现行法律也没有统一明确的界定。但国内外对患者隐私权的研究与保护都有不同程度的关注与进展,并在法律上予以体现。     

《管子》"时"观初探

"时"观念是理解中国古代思想的重要线索。在一定层面上讲,"时"观念的延展及其实践承载着传统农业社会的绵延。"时"在《管子》中是一个基础性的核心概念,贯通全文,它传承"时"的原发观念和本质特性,融入气、阴阳、五行思想,与道、德、法相通融,"时"作为论理基准,在"治国安邦"、"经世致用"中具有统领性意义。     

流动儿童社会适应的研究:现状、问题及解决办法

参照国外关于移民儿童社会适应研究的现状,对国内流动儿童社会适应的研究现状进行了回顾,指出了国内该研究领域存在的几个不足:(1)评估指标不全面;(2)评估存在缺陷取向;(3)忽视个体差异的问题;(4)研究设计与社会适应的过程理论相背离;(5)教育安置方式对流动儿童社会适应的影响未得到应有的重视。最后提出了解决以上问题的办法。     

Global Justice: Is Interventionalism Desirable?

In 1994, the European Parliament published a resolution on the right of humanitarian intervention. Interestingly, the declaration maintains that such intervention is not in contradiction with international law, although it formulates the concept of right in a way that is translatable into the vocabulary of individual rights. I analyze some implications of the resolution for the mutual duties of states. I thereby focus my attention on two possible applications: by way of Rawls's duty of assistance and by way of the cosmopolitan theory of global distributive justice. I conclude that the latter theory promises better results for protecting individuals' basic rights, but I also show that it is at the cost of a strongly interventionist structure requiring a powerful supranational institution. Finally, I envision the conditions under which such an increase of interventionism in favor of human rights can be acceptable.     

The Truth, Goodness, and Beauty of Darwinism

As a young proponent of "creation science," I rejected Darwinian biology as false, bad, and ugly. Now I defend Darwinism as true, good, and beautiful. Moreover, I now see Darwinism as compatible with the natural piety that arises as one moves from nature to nature's God.     

交感思维：表现、形成机理及其弱化

交感思维是人类一种基础的、直觉的思维方式, 主要基于“交感”的认知模式, 遵循相似律和触染律两个法则。相似律认为果必同因、相似相生, 表面相似的事物共享一些基本特质; 触染律认为事物“本质”可以在物体接触时传递, 事物在脱离接触后仍可以继续发生相互作用。触染效应可以是正面的, 也可以是负面的。交感效应已经在食物厌恶、消费者购物等行为中得到验证。今后研究应拓展交感思维的应用领域, 提出更有效的弱化和抑制方法, 并从意识、记忆、知觉、认知等信息加工层面对其进行深入探讨。     

Targeted Paced and Unpaced Movements in the Transverse and Sagittal Planes

Five experiments are reported related to control of arm movement in the sagittal and transverse planes when making paced and unpaced movements. A single group of 12 participants and the same equipment were used in the main experiments to allow comparisons across conditions. As well as the 2 different directions of movement, there were movements that were time-constrained (as in the W. D. A. Beggs &; C. I. Howarth, 1971, 1972a,b paradigm) and movements that were constrained by the ending tolerance (as in Fitts' paradigm). Results showed that, for movement times as high as 900 ms, the Schmidt and Beggs and Howarth models appeared to describe the time for movements that had time constraint. Fitts' law (P. M. Fitts, 1954 Fitts, P. M. (1954). The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 381–391.[Crossref], [PubMed] , [Google Scholar]; P. M. Fitts &; J. R. Peterson, 1964) applied to movements that were constrained by final accuracy. These results were independent of whether the target was in the aiming or stopping movement direction. A new interpretation of data for movements with time constraint is presented, based on the possible number of accuracy submovements available when near the target. This model suggests that the standard deviation of hits at the target is not dependent on the time spent in reaching the target region, but largely on the time remaining in order to produce final accuracy at the target.     

Allocation of speech in conversation

In a replication and extension of Conger and Killeen's (1974) widely cited demonstration of matching in conversations, we evaluated nine participants’ allocation of speech and gaze to two conversational partners. German speakers participated in two 90‐min sessions in which confederates uttered approval on independent variable‐interval schedules. In one of the sessions, confederates uttered approval contingent upon and contiguous with eye contact whereas in the other session approval was uttered independent of the participant's gaze. Several measures of participants’ verbal behavior were taken, including relative duration and rate of speech and gaze. These were compared to confederates’ relative rate of approval and relative duration and rate of talk. The generalized matching equation was fitted to the various relations between participants’ behavior and confederates’ behavior. Conger and Killeen's results were not replicated; participants’ response allocation did not show a systematic relation to the confederates’ relative rate of approval. The strongest relations were to overall talk, rather than approval. In both conditions, the participant talked more to the confederate who talked less—inverse or antimatching. Participants’ gaze showed the same inverse relation to the confederates’ talk. Requiring gaze to be directed toward a confederate for delivery of approval made no difference in the results. The absence of a difference combined with prior research suggests that matching or antimatching in conversations is more likely due to induction than to reinforcement.