The stereotype rebound effect: Universal or culturally bounded process?

Stereotype rebound occurs when people experience an increase in stereotype use following attempts to suppress them. Two studies were conducted to examine cultural variability in the rebound effect. We hypothesized that, due to their experience suppressing unwanted thoughts, people from collectivist cultures would be less likely to experience the rebound effect than would people from individualist cultures. In both studies, U.S. and Chinese participants wrote two stories about gay men that were coded for stereotype use. Participants in the suppression condition were instructed to not to use stereotypes in their first story. As predicted, in both studies, U.S. participants in the suppression condition showed an increase in stereotype use in the second story, but Chinese participants did not. Potential explanations for cultural differences in the stereotype rebound effect are discussed.     

Equivalence of serufuesutei‐mu (self‐esteem) and jisonshin in Japan

Most studies of Japanese self‐esteem have implicitly assumed that the concept of self‐esteem (SE) is indigenously meaningful. However, this has not been shown to be true. The present research investigated whether the indigenous Japanese word jisonshin is semantically equivalent to the English expression SE and, by implication, whether it denotes the same concept as originally delineated by Rosenberg, that of having a positive attitude toward oneself. Japanese participants (N = 234) responded to 11 pairs of statements about SE and several other items. Half of the statements contained the expression serufuesutei‐mu (self‐esteem), the other half the expression jisonshin. Participants independently judged the two expressions to be ‘basically’ synonymous, but endorsed some otherwise identical statements significantly more often when they contained the expression serufuesutei‐mu, suggesting that the differences were due to the foreign connotations of the expression serufuesutei‐mu.     

试论现代中华民族道德生活的现实基础

相对于传统社会道德生活的陈陈相因,现代中华民族的道德生活展现出了全新的样态,而这主要是因为现代中华民族道德生活的现实基础发生了深刻的变化。新中国成立以来,社会主义经济制度、政治制度和思想文化体系的建立、发展和完善为现代中华民族道德生活的铺展奠定了坚实的基础,循着它们的演变就可以捕捉到现代中华民族道德生活的脉动。     

心理学研究中人的命运与文化的命运

目的:通过追踪文化研究历史,探究对当今文化心理学研究的启示意义。方法:整理和回顾心理学史上关于文化的研究及文献,并对各阶段的文化研究进行评述。结果:文化在心理学史上经历了坎坷多桀的命运,文化在各阶段的不同遭遇与研究者们对人的本质的认识密切相关。结论:对人的本质的正确理解是当今文化心理学健康发展的前提。     

文化如何影响道德?文化间变异、文化内变异与多元文化的视角

道德判断与行为具有高度的文化敏感性, 来自不同文化背景、具有不同文化经历的个体, 对于同一道德现象的理解与建构存在显著差异。随着20世纪80年代文化心理学的复兴繁荣和全球化进程的不断深化, 文化视角的道德心理学在当代社会心理学语境中备受关注, 并已开展了初步的理论探索, 积累了大量的实证证据。基于文化心理学的视角, 本文将分别从文化间变异、文化内变异和多元文化三个方面梳理和评述不同文化因素(比如地域、生态、社会阶层等)如何影响个体的道德判断与行为, 期望推动未来研究进一步探索快速而剧烈的文化变迁背景下中国人的道德心理和价值体系已经发生了或正在发生着怎样的演变过程。     

晚清时期执权居士创制“心理(学)”一词的考察

据史料表明, 中国人执权居士于1872年在《申报》上首创了学科名称“心理(学)”一词, 这要早于日本学者西周1875年公开使用“心理学”一词。本文判定晚清的持平叟、执权居士、持平子、持平居士、公道老人均系同一人, 即朱逢甲。朱逢甲饱读经书, 国学底蕴深厚, 并在襄助传教士办报纸过程中接触到了西学, 具有了现代学科意识。1871年, 他在讨论中国传统相术时, 曾在心理学意义上使用过“心之理与事”一词, 为其创制“心理(学)”一词奠定了基础。中学与西学的交融与碰撞是朱逢甲创制“心理学”这一学科名称的时代与文化背景。尽管“心理(学)”一词首先由中国知识分子创制, 但因西学在中国晚清时期发展的延缓和曲折, 故没有像日本学者西周使用“心理学”一词之后在日本学界产生更为深远的影响。     

国内心理学文化思维问题反思

深受西方影响的非西方国家民众的文化失落感已成为根植于理智阶层心底的一种难以排遣的情结,为本民族、本地域的心理学取得合理与合法身份或地位,成为他们必须面对的现实问题.随之而来的难题在于文化思维与现代性二元对立方法论的偏狭性.破解这一难题关键在于文化思维与方法论的转向,从对心理学向本土文化寻求外在的支持转向在文化框架下对心理学本身的文化性格考察,从而辨明本土心理学与文化之间真正关联.     

On Yoda,Trouble, and Transformation: The Cultural Context of Therapy and Supervision

In America, we miss the pivotal role of trouble in transformation, because our pursuit of a painless and trouble-free life aborts the process by which the psyche “gives birth” to change. As therapists, we know better: healing and growth require movement through, rather than avoidance of, troubling symptoms. Meanwhile our culture, in order to avoid facing the trouble of aging, sidelines and segregates our old people, which lets the Elder spirit waiting in each Old One wither from disuse. We do for our clients what Elders would do for the culture, carrying their accumulated weight of hope and despair, joy and sorrow, violence and peace. Eldering and therapy transform that troubling weight into “spiritual ballast,” providing the stable ground people need for the journey through life. So as therapists, we’ve been drafted, ready or not, and without our informed consent, into the role of Cultural Elder. We are midwives during the labor that births new beginnings. The supervisors among us can be seen as providing for apprentice therapists the final experience that initiates them into this crucial cultural role. In contributing to the reweaving of an unraveling world, our profession serves a function and carries a responsibility much broader than that defined by our credentials.

Cultural differences in self-verification: The role of naïve dialecticism

This research presents the first evidence of cultural differences in self-verification and the role of naïve dialecticism in mediating these differences. Chinese, Asian-American, and non-Asian American students completed a series of personality tests, and were presented with bogus feedback that was either self-consistent or self-discrepant, and either positive or negative. Whereas non-Asians self-verified (i.e., tended to exhibit resistance), mainland Chinese and Asian-American participants tended to adjust their self-views when they received (either positive or negative) feedback that contradicted their prevailing self-conceptions. Mediated moderation analyses showed that naïve dialecticism, mediated cultural differences in self-verification.     

关联与互动:20世纪的科学心理学与分析哲学

今天的心理学是否仍然具有理论魅力和教化力量,心理学者是否真的在思考和创造,关键在于心理学研究的思维方式和话语方式是否发生真正的改变。中国心理学传统以关注人生命的完整性、目标的人本性和价值性以及方法论的关系化取向,在与科学心理学之间的关联与互动中,成为科学心理学高举"反思之刀"实现自救和新生的重要学术资源、创新资源和借鉴资源。