The dialogical self in a cultural contact zone: Exploring the perceived ‘cultural correction’ function of schooling

This paper discusses a qualitative study that explores the impact the development of a cultural contact zone has upon identity processes in the Dialogical Self. The analysis draws upon interviews with Irish nationals, immigrants and asylum seekers in a new cultural contact zone. The findings illustrate uncertainty experienced as a result of immigration, suggesting that the development of the contact zone caused cultural discontinuity. The individuals' uncertainty for their cultural identities' future viability demanded the development of identity strategies to maintain continuity with their perceived cultural future, where they were faced with cultural others. Identity repositionings and a strategy to maintain continuity will be explored in the current paper. The Irish and asylum seeker participants' unprompted focus on schooling will be explored as a continuity strategy. The participants constructed schooling as a tool for the ‘cultural correction’ of migrant children and a means for the assimilation of migrants into the Irish community. The paper discusses the function of this strategy for the two groups, and the theoretical integration of cultural level processes in the theory of the Dialogical Self. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一例大学新生适应不良的咨询案例报告

来访者是一名大一新生,自升入大学一个多月来,由于其个性内向,认知上存在偏差,导致对大学生活适应不良。神情悲观,精神不振,易发怒;食欲差,睡眠差;学习兴趣下降。咨询师根据来访者个性特征和问题的特点采用合理情绪疗法对其进行干预。经过5次咨询,求助者情绪好转,学习兴趣提高,能够与同学正常交往,取得了比较好的咨询效果。     

创造性思维的社会文化基础

创造性思维作为创造性的内核, 是个体在一定社会文化背景上产生新颖独特且实用观点或产品的思维形式。文章基于社会文化的三层次模型, 分别从文化观念、文化活动或经历以及文化工具三个层面, 围绕人性价值观、中庸取向、非价值性文化传统、海外旅居、多语种学习、以及文化工具所涵盖的文化规则、符号和实物七个方面阐述了社会文化对创造性思维的影响。未来研究有必要在此基础上继续从文化与社会因素的依存性、个体差异控制、文化和创造性思维的类型差异以及多重研究取向协作四方面深入。     

促进大学新生环境适应的实验研究

目的探索运用班级心理辅导对大学新生适应环境的促进作用.方法选取某大学新生两个自然班级作为实验组和对照组.实验组进行为期两个月的班级心理辅导,对照组不做干预.结论:(1)班级心理辅导对促进大学新生的环境适应具有显著的效果.(2)利用大学自然班级进行心理辅导来改善新生的适应问题有其独特的优势.(3)高校应面向全体新生开展心理辅导工作.     

Theory to social action: A university‐based strategy targeting prejudice against Aboriginal Australians

The level of racism in Australia against Aboriginal Australians is well documented. This has an extremely detrimental effect on the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal Australians. One part of the solution may be anti‐prejudice strategies, but to date few strategies that include a pre‐test and a post‐test assessment have been conducted in Australia. The present study describes the interventional qualities of a cultural psychology unit at an Australian university. Results indicated that after a 6‐week period, students reported a significant reduction in prejudice, acceptance of false beliefs about Aboriginal Australians, and the perception that Aboriginal Australians unfairly receive preferential or special treatment. The article concludes that cultural psychology units have the potential to be an effective way of developing acceptance of cross‐cultural differences.     

Chinese working in groups: Effort dispensability versus normative influence

Chinese participants were found less likely to social loaf when working in groups than did North Americans. This result was attributed mainly to the collectivism and individualism characterizing Chinese and North Americans, respectively. However, this explanation does not address how Chinese people's social loafing tendency may vary across situations. If Chinese participants are concerned about their relations with coworkers, they should be more likely to conform to the performance level of their coworkers. This prediction is in opposition to effort dispensability, which is usually found among North Americans, whereby individuals adjust their effort in reverse to that of their coworkers. Consistent with our prediction, findings from three studies revealed that Chinese participants tended to conform to the performance level of their coworkers when their performance is made public ( vs kept anonymous) and when they have high ( vs low) relational concerns. These findings have implications for unpacking nuanced cultural influences on behaviours.     

民族型心理契约及回族员工角色外行为特征

在传统的心理契约维度结构模式的基础上, 提出民族型心理契约的理论。基于回族文化特征及现实特征, 确定民族型心理契约维度及其层次性特征, 分析民族型心理契约的民族文化背景以及组织情景因素, 探讨回族员工民族型心理契约的生成机理、民族型心理契约对组织绩效的影响, 以及益组织行为与损组织行为双向维度的回族员工角色外行为特征。从企业管理机制和企业文化角度架构民族型心理契约的组织干预模型。     

南北朝象数易学发展特点述略

南朝郑、王易学并立,北朝象数易学占主导,但后期也呈现儒玄并融的趋势．《易传《》和汉代易学创造出来的象数成果得到南北朝易学家的继承,南朝易学家对象数易学中的形式主义学风给予了批判,并呈现出本体论思维与易学象数相结合的思想萌芽．象数易学受到佛教缘起性空理论的批判,但南北朝佛教仍利用易学象数来说明现象世界．在南北朝道教养生理论中,象数易学得到了丰富和发展．在南北朝的宗教风气下,象数易学占验派沦为方伎．     

Defining relationships: Comparing Canadians, Chinese and Indians

To examine whether cultural differences exist in defining family, friend, relative, colleague and neighbour, non-student samples were drawn from Canada, China and India. The data generated several unexpected findings. (i) The means of the relationship definitions between the Chinese and Canadians were not significantly different. The means between the Chinese and Indians were significantly different. The means between the Canadians and Indians were significantly different. (ii) Females defined their relationships more interdependently than males in the Indian and Canadian samples but not in the Chinese sample. (iii) Definitions were target specific and the order of closeness differed from group to group. (iv) In the Indian and Chinese samples, participants' age was negatively correlated with closeness in defining friends, indicating that a person's perceived closeness with friends changes over the life span. Results of past research using student samples need to be interpreted with caution.