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201.
摘要:引入了三种可以估计认知诊断属性分类一致性信度置信区间的方法:Bootstrap法、平行测验法和平行测验配对法。用模拟研究验证和比较了这三种方法的表现,结果发现,平行测验法和Bootstrap法在被试量比较少、题目数量比较少的情况下,估计的标准误和置信区间较接近,但是随着被试量的增加,Bootstrap法的估计精度提高较快,在被试量大和题目数量较多时基本接近平行测验配对法的结果。Bootstrap法的所需时间最少,平行测验配对法计算过程复杂且用时较长,推荐用Bootstrap法估计认知诊断属性分类一致性信度的置信区间。 相似文献
202.
新近研究结合日趋成熟的标量计时模型及神经学相关依据提出,情绪诱发的生理唤醒会加长主观时距,而注意唤醒会缩短主观时距,且各自有不同的发生特点。本研究选取3、5、8岁被试,系统探讨了800~3200ms范围内,儿童在高兴和生气两种面孔表情刺激下的时距知觉特点,并以中性面孔表情作为参照。研究发现:(1)3~8岁儿童都已具备明显的时距知觉,但时间敏感度随年龄的增加而提高;(2)3~8岁儿童时距判断均会受到情绪的干扰,情绪刺激下的主观时距长于中性刺激下的主观时距;(3)3~8岁儿童生气表情下的主观时距长于高兴表情下的主观时距,生理唤醒效应作用更为明显。 相似文献
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为满足获取儿童目击证人准确证词的司法需求,大量西方法律心理学家涉足这一领域,使儿童目击证人研究成为近十多年来法律心理学研究的新热点。鉴于我国法律还没有对儿童作为目击证人作明文规定,西方心理学家的研究成果值得我国法律心理学界关注。 相似文献
207.
Relationship between response rate and reinforcement frequency in variable-interval schedules: III. The effect of d-amphetamine.
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C M Bradshaw H V Ruddle E Szabadi 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1981,36(1):29-39
Four rats were exposed to variable-interval schedules specifying a range of different reinforcement frequencies. The effects of two doses of d-amphetamine (1.6 and 3.2 mumol/kg) upon performance maintained under each schedule were examined. In the case of each rat, the response rates observed under control conditions (no injection or injection of the vehicle alone) were increasing, negatively accelerated functions of reinforcement frequency, the data conforming closely to Herrnstein's (1970) equation. In each rat, d-amphetamine (3.2 mumol/kg) significantly reduced the value of the constant Rmax, which expresses the theoretical maximum response rate. In each rat, the value of KH, which expresses the reinforcement frequency needed to obtain the half-maximal response rate, was also reduced, although this only achieved statistical significance in the case of one rat. When the proportional change in response rate in the presence of the drug was plotted against the response rate under control conditions on double logarithmic co-ordinates, linear functions of negative slope were obtained; in each rat the slope was steeper and the value of the control response rate at which d-amphetamine exerted no effect was lower in the case of the higher dose (3.2 mumol/kg) than in the case of the lower dose (1.6 mumol/kg). 相似文献
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Taylor Kennedy Tom Cariveau Kathryn Grelck Alexandria Brown Delanie F. Platt Paige Ellington 《Behavioral Interventions》2024,39(2):e1992
Matching-to-sample arrangements are commonly used to teach conditional discriminations. In these arrangements, instructors must systematically arrange instruction to ensure that a learner's response comes under the intended sources of stimulus control. Given the multitude of instructional considerations, the instructors' procedural fidelity has been a significant concern. Recently, LeBlanc et al. found that brief training and access to enhanced data sheets produced high levels of fidelity with experienced service providers. The current study extended LeBlanc et al. by examining the effects of a similar training on the fidelity and instructional pacing by participants with and without previous experience. The participants' performance was also compared when using a flashcard or binder (i.e., printed) arrays and relative to a tablet-delivered instructional program. High levels of fidelity were observed following training, although pacing was slow. Slight differences in performance were observed across comparison arrays; nevertheless, the tablet-based program outperformed instructors. 相似文献
210.
Lihan Chen 《PsyCh Journal》2019,8(2):187-202
A time interval marked by two short sounds (“empty interval”) is perceived to be longer when one or more short sounds are inserted within this time interval (“filled interval”). This illusion is known as the filled‐duration illusion (FDI), which has been mainly observed above 500 ms. Previous evidence has mostly shown, however, that the FDI within 500 ms is not robust due to individual differences. FDI in this short range has been less influenced by the properties of sound markers (such as amplitude, time duration, and sound energy distribution). I questioned whether the mixed evidence in the short range could be due to the methods and time ranges adopted. Here, I asked whether and how the perceived duration of both the empty interval and the filled interval (a continuous beep) was modulated by markers with different yet short durations, and by markers with intensity changes (ascending vs. descending). The results showed that the longer markers led to more expansion of the perceived time interval than did the short markers. The empty interval (300 ms) was perceived as shorter in the rising intensity (first tone marker)–decreasing intensity (second tone marker) condition, but as longer in the decreasing–decreasing condition. However, the filled interval (300 ms) bounded in the decreasing–decreasing condition was perceived as shorter. Therefore, perception of short empty and filled intervals (enclosed by auditory marks) could be modulated by the temporal properties of the markers. Those findings could be accounted for by the Gestalt perceptual groupings between the auditory markers and the to‐be‐timed gap/stimulus intervals in an adaptive way. 相似文献