The Name Game: How Naming Products Increases Psychological Ownership and Subsequent Consumer Evaluations

Naming products is quite prevalent in American culture; however, we are not aware of any consumer research that explores the effects of this phenomenon. Across three studies, we demonstrate that when consumers name products, their evaluations of those products increase (e.g., attitudes, purchase intentions, and willingness to accept). We find that name fit and creativity as well as subsequent psychological ownership drive this effect. We also demonstrate that the naming effect is quite robust—replicating across multiple products, presentation formats, and populations as well as persisting over time. These results contribute to consumer research by opening up a new substantive line of inquiry into the effects of naming products.     

Implementation Intentions,Information, and Voter Turnout: An Experimental Study

Are citizens more likely to vote when they are asked to make plans about how they will cast their ballots? Such planning—typically described as “implementation intentions”—has been shown to increase many types of desirable behaviors, including exercising and healthy eating, receiving vaccinations, physical rehabilitation, and recycling. Important earlier work in political science suggests voter turnout can also be influenced by implementation intention interventions, whereby electors are prompted to “make a plan” to vote (Nickerson & Rogers, 2010 ), though this finding has gone largely unreplicated. At the same time, elections management bodies (EMBs) in many contexts regularly conduct informational campaigns in the period leading up to elections, though little is known about the effects of such efforts upon turnout. Using data from an online experiment conducted at the time of the 2015 Canadian Federal Election, we demonstrate that implementation intention interventions can improve voter turnout but that this effect is conditional upon electors being exposed to informational materials about how to vote in the election. When survey respondents were provided with information on voting requirements and methods, and then prompted with questions forcing them to contemplate the act of casting their ballots, we observe a sizable increase in turnout rates.     

Facial expressions as performances in mime

That facial expressions are universal emotion signals has been supported by observers agreeing on the emotion mimed by actors. We show that actors can mime a diverse range of states: emotions, cognitions, physical states, and actions. English, Hindi, and Malayalam speakers (N?=?1200) viewed 25 video clips and indicated the state conveyed. Within each language, at least 23 of the 25 clips were recognised above chance and base rate. Facial expressions of emotions are not special in their recognisability, and it is miming that may be the universal human ability.     

Too Much of a Good Thing? Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Conflict Behaviors

Research suggests that the outcomes of interpersonal conflict are determined not only by the conflict itself, but also by the way in which it is handled. Confrontational and domineering tactics have been found to magnify the adverse impact of conflict. Thus, investigations of determinants of aggressive conflict management behaviors are of considerable interest. This study extends the literature by examining the relationship between conflict management preferences and conflict management behaviors and by examining how emotional intelligence (EI) shapes this preference-behavior relationship. Individuals’ conflict management preferences predicted actual conflict management behaviors. EI was found to moderate this relationship. However, some of these moderating effects run contrary to the popular view of EI as a prosocial concept. Specifically, some EI facets were found to strengthen the link between aggressive conflict management preferences and subsequent conflict management behaviors.     

Life seems different with you around: Differential shifts in cognitive appraisal in the mere presence of others for neuroticism and impression management

How does mere social presence affect cognitive processes? The extant literature has focused on the impact of social presence on cognitive resources. The present study extends this work by focusing on the positivity of cognitive appraisal. Building on recent findings it was predicted that the traits neuroticism and impression management will differentially moderate the effect, such that neuroticism will be associated with a negative shift in appraisal, and impression management with a positive shift. In an experiment, participants (N = 158) formed evaluations of life events either alone or in social presence. The results supported the predictions. The findings advance the knowledge about the effect of social presence on cognition, and about the role of personality in moderating responses in public social contexts.     

混沌理论对优化临床管理模式的启示——以孕产妇管理为例

围绕混沌理论与妊娠及分娩之间的联系,结合实践,提出可行的优化孕产妇管理工作的建议。强调医务人员应应用线上及线下多种方式,于孕前、孕期、产时、产后各阶段,针对孕产妇身心各方面,对其实施系统化的管理;应重点把握与孕妇首次接触的时机,建立信任关系以保证其良好的遵医行为;管理过程中应尊重孕产妇的个体差异,为其提供个性化的指导,同时应重视其支持系统的建立,医疗机构、社区、家庭应为孕产妇提供切实的支持。旨在为孕产期保健工作提供新思路,从而更好地为广大孕产妇服务。     

直觉思维在麻醉临床决策中的应用

围手术期麻醉医师面临问题的复杂性、动态性和模糊性,要求其在具备良好逻辑思维能力的同时,还要学会应用直觉思维来进行麻醉危机管理。通过决策判断的双加工理论模型探讨说明直觉思维在临床麻醉决策中的可应用性,并给出麻醉医师直觉思维的培养途径,提高麻醉医师的思考能力,增加应急处理课程和临床训练,重视临床经验的学习,营造良好的教学氛围。为了在围手术期更好地保证患者的安全,麻醉医师应重视直觉思维在临床麻醉决策中的应用。     

人才伦理学刍议

人才伦理是使人才之所以成为人才的各种伦理要素的总和;人才伦理既是人力资源管理理论的重要内容,也是伦理学特别是人才伦理学的研究对象。人才伦理学的内容主要包括以下五个方面：德与才的关系、人才的道德素质、人才的道德标准、人才的道德环境、人才的道德作用。德与才的关系是人才伦理学所要处理的基本关系,“德才兼备”是人才伦理学的核心范畴。提高人才的道德素质,是人才伦理学所确立的最高目标。人才伦理研究要揭示各类人才在道德要求和道德素质上的共同性和特殊性,为新世纪新阶段我国人才培养工作确立新的人才伦理原则和道德标准。     

中学生时间管理自我监控量表的研究

时间管理自我监控是一个多层次多维度的心理结构,按其抽象程度的不同,可分为整体监控和具体监控两个层次,整体监控系统分为主动性、开放性和有效性三个维度,具体监控系统分为目标设置、时间规划、灵活性、自制力和检查评估五个维度。通过对832名中学生的测试结果进行分析,编制了具有较高信度和效度的中学生时间管理自我监控量表。