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151.
浅谈心血管疾病预防的重要性和可操作性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
心血管疾病是人类死亡的主要病因,其危险因素包括吸烟、血脂异常、糖尿病、高血压、肥胖等。目前我国医务工作者限于治疗疾病,忽视疾病预防,这种模式过于被动,需要高昂的医疗支出。如果不做好心血管疾病的预防工作,将会极大影响国民经济增长。因此改善生活方式、预防心血管疾病发生,形成疾病预防模式就显得尤为重要,并具有可操作性。 相似文献
152.
文献研究表明,雷公藤多苷既可治疗肝脏疾病,又能引起肝脏毒性。本文对其双重作用从不同角度进行了分析,认为药物均存在治疗作用和毒副作用的双重效应,且与用药剂量、时间密切相关,并从严控剂量时间、加强监测、重视“治未病”、改进剂型等方面提出了应对措施。 相似文献
153.
赖晓全 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2009,(10):35-36
职业暴露是医务人员最常见的职业伤害,为探求有效的防护方法,对我院2005年至2008年报告的职业暴露进行了分析,结果发现医务人员职业暴露漏报严重,护士发生职业暴露最多(占57.4%),主要为针刺伤(占85.2%),暴露源以乙型肝炎为主(占53.2%)。应加强医务人员标准预防和职业安全知识的教育与培训,建立和健全职业暴露的监测体系。 相似文献
154.
简要回顾了美国俄勒冈社会学习中心的发展历程,重点介绍了该机构的主要研究课题内容和研究成果。该中心在应用研究领域,主要是针对问题儿童在课堂场景及其家中进行干预。其基础性研究致力于家庭、同伴以及社会背景对青少年行为发展模式的长期影响。俄勒冈社会学习中心针对青少年开展的早期经验、应激神经生理学和病原学的研究,以及以家庭、学校、福利制度、司法制度等背景开展的对收养家庭养育、受虐孩子、受监禁父母的孩子、问题青少年反社会行为的预防与干预研究对我国青少年的干预研究都富有借鉴意义 相似文献
155.
This study investigates how neighborhood deterioration is associated with stress and depressive symptoms and the mediating
effects of perceived neighborhood social conditions. Data come from a community survey of 801 respondents geocoded and linked
to a systematic on-site assessment of the physical characteristics of nearly all residential and commercial structures around
respondents’ homes. Structural equation models controlling for demographic effects indicate that the association between neighborhood
deterioration and well-being appear to be mediated through social contact, social capital, and perceptions of crime, but not
through neighborhood satisfaction. Specifically, residential deterioration was mediated by social contact, then, social capital
and fear of crime. Commercial deterioration, on the other hand, was mediated only through fear of crime. Additionally, data
indicate that the functional definition of a “neighborhood” depends on the characteristics measured. These findings suggest
that upstream interventions designed to improve neighborhood conditions as well as proximal interventions focused on social
relationships, may promote well-being.
At the time of this study, Dr. Gee was at the University of Michigan. 相似文献
156.
157.
Adolescents in rural areas use substances at rates comparable to urban adolescents; understanding causes of rural adolescent substance use is critical if prevention efforts are to succeed. The present review has three primary goals: (1) to define rural, (2) to evaluate the empirical evidence regarding correlates and causes of rural adolescent substance use from a social contextual framework (L. V. Scaramella, R. D. Conger, R. Spoth, & R. L. Simons, in press), and (3) to discuss the malleability of theoretically based risk or protective factors in rural settings. The review concludes with a discussion of the difficulties and challenges of implementing prevention programs in rural areas. 相似文献
158.
Thin-Ideal Internalization: Mounting Evidence for a New Risk Factor for Body-Image Disturbance and Eating Pathology 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Body-image disturbance and eating disorders are a significant physical and mental health problem in Western countries. We describe emerging work on one newly identified variable that appears to be a potent risk factor for the development of these problems internalization of societal standards of attractiveness. Work conducted independently in our labs over the past decade has included scale development, correlational studies, prospective risk-factor studies, randomized experiments, and randomized prevention trials. Findings collectively suggest that internalization is a causal risk factor for body-image and eating disturbances, and that it appears to operate in conjunction with other established risk factors for these outcomes, including dieting and negative affect. Future research is needed to examine the specific familial, peer, and media influences that promote internalization and to replicate and extend our prospective and experimental studies. 相似文献
159.
That primary prevention has been ‘inappropriately marginalised’ is seen to be an inevitable outcome of reliance on government support. Policy makers and service providers can never be expected to give prevention a higher priority than direct service. Preventionists have developed two strategies for doing their work. One, based on the logical positivist ideal, seeks specific causal models for specific disorders. This sort of prevention research, while it will always remain less well funded than direct services, tends not to challenge the status quo belief in individual responsibility, or the acceptable methods of mainstream science, and thus will tend to be more acceptable than other forms of prevention research and services. An alternative, based on a social constructivist paradigm engages in social action research through collaboration with a variety of grass roots organizations and people outside the mainstream of power. This latter approach, brings to preventionists ideas from feminists, ethnic minority leaders, neighborhood organizers, and self and mutual help group leaders. It is a sensible way to use the resources available to those professionals interested in social change oriented prevention. 相似文献
160.
Joseph Galano 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(6):681-695
Challenges the distinctions we make between research/scholarship and practice. Recognizes and values the complimentarity of
teaching, research, practice, and public policy. Tells how I have tried to approach creating opportunities to integrate those
activities in my role as a community psychologist in an academic setting. Describes some of the lessons I have learned from
my two decades of practice.
This article is a very close approximation to my Distinguished Contribution to Practice in Community Psychology award address
at APA in Toronto, August 1996. That talk included numerous overheads, which reason demands I omit. I thank Jim Sorenson and
George Albee who, each in their own way, showed me that university professors can be passionate about their work and extend
their reach beyond the perimeters of the campus. I thank Heather Barton, Krista Hopkins, Jennifer Heigel, and Anne Salassi
for being such good ambassadors and for my most meaningful source of professional satisfaction: turning students on to careers
as community psychologists and preventionists. I thank the Virginia prevention community for two decades of working together
toward a common mission and the College of William and Mary for supporting my life’s work. Finally I thank John Morgan for
his friendship and his affirming introduction, State Michaels for her help with the original talk, and Beverly Peterson for
always being there. I am deeply honored. 相似文献