L’invention managériale : une compétence cardinale pour les situations organisationnelles complexes

This study models “the manager invention”, cardinal skill to face the complex, contradictory, unpredictable socio-organizational reality. The works of Morin (on 1986, 1999, 2001) on the processes of the complex thought and those of Detienne and Vernant (1974), of Frontisi-Ducroux (1975) and Dejours (1993) about the mètis or practice intelligence serve us as theoretical supports, the analysis of contents of managers' narratives of empirical supports. The principles of a complex cognition (dialogical of the contradictory, complementarity of opposite, logic of the inclusive third) support the creative strategies of the managers : guile rather than force, diversion, bypassing, double position, happy medium, oblique speeches.     

Defining Islamic modernity through creative writing: a case study of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong

Indonesian domestic workers (IDWs) have been frequently stereotyped as uneducated and submissive women with little or no bargaining power in transnational labour migration. This article examines why and how literacy practices help foster the activism of IDWs in Hong Kong. In particular, I seek to understand the significance of IDWs’ writing in relation to Islamic modernities. Using the framework of alternative modernities, I argue that the creative process of IDWs’ writing sheds light to their attempts to exercise individual and collective agency. Specifically, the article looks at the role of Forum Lingkar Pena (Pen Circle Forum, FLP) Hong Kong, an IDW writing community, to reveal how its collective literacy practices help affirm Islamic values as part of a modernisation process on IDWs’ own terms.     

Emerging as a Personality Disorder Service

Personality Disorder Services working along psychotherapeutic lines are gaining appeal with Health Care Commissioners following the publication of the NICE guidelines for Borderline & Antisocial Personality Disorders and the emerging successful application of psychoanalytically-derived approaches.

Establishing a new Personality Disorder Service is akin to constructing a ‘home’ within which the therapeutic work with patients can develop. As clinicians, we are required to question what facets are important to the development of this new home, and to further to endure the unfamiliar state of being ‘not at home’ while the identity of the service is established.

We address how this process parallels the task facing the patient as they struggle to establish their own identity. We also highlight some important tenets in the work of securing a robust identity for both the service and the patient suffering from a personality disorder.     

Domain‐General and Domain‐Specific Creative‐Thinking Tests: Effects of Gender and Item Content on Test Performance

The study examined the effects of gender and item content of domain‐general and domain‐specific creative‐thinking tests on four subscale scores of creative‐thinking (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration). Chinese tenth‐grade students (234 males and 244 females) participated in the study. Domain‐general creative thinking was measured by using two domain‐independent items—box and newspaper. Domain‐specific creative thinking was measured in the domain of history by two history‐specific items—school uniform and health food—that were part of lessons in modern Chinese history. Domain‐general creative‐thinking scores were not different across gender in any of the four subscales. In domain‐specific creative thinking, female students produced more responses (fluency) and more categories of ideas (flexibility), and more detailed answers (elaboration) on both items than did males. Gender difference was not found in originality. Item effects were significant in both general and specific creative‐thinking scores, with higher fluency, flexibility, and elaboration for the newspaper than the box item, and higher fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration for the school uniform than the health food item. The findings on both gender and item effects support the contention that personal interest and life experience influence the generation of creative solutions. The finding that gender did not differ in domain‐general creative‐thinking was expected, as the two general items (box and newspaper) are experienced similarly by both genders. As most of the creative‐thinking tests are influenced by individuals' experience beyond creative‐thinking ability, judicial evaluation and use of creative‐thinking scores are underscored.     

9~11岁儿童创造性人格与欺骗行为的关系:亲子沟通质量的调节作用

本研究采用实验法与问卷法探究了创造性人格与儿童利己、利他两类动机的欺骗行为的关系及亲子沟通质量的调节作用,以317名儿童（M=9.77, SD=0.74）为被试,结果显示：（1）创造性人格对儿童利己、利他欺骗行为都具有正向预测作用;（2）父子与母子沟通质量能够负向预测儿童的利己欺骗行为,对利他欺骗行为没有显著预测作用;（3）父子沟通质量能够调节儿童创造性人格与利己、利他欺骗行为的关系：高父子沟通质量能够缓冲创造性人格对儿童利己欺骗行为的正向预测作用,高父子沟通质量也能够保护创造性人格对儿童利他欺骗行为的正向预测;（4）母子沟通质量对创造性人格与儿童利己、利他欺骗行为的关系不具有显著的调节作用。     

Creative Thinking: Processes,Strategies, and Knowledge

Creative achievements are the basis for progress in our world. Although creative achievement is influenced by many variables, the basis for creativity is held to lie in the generation of high‐quality, original, and elegant solutions to complex, novel, ill‐defined problems. In the present effort, we examine the cognitive capacities that make creative problem‐solving possible. We argue that creative problem‐solving depends on the effective execution of a set of complex cognitive processes. Effective execution of these processes is, in turn, held to depend on the strategies employed in process execution and the knowledge being used in problem‐solving. The implications of these observations for improving creative thinking are discussed.     

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Attributions on Employees’ Creative Performance: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety

This study contributes to the growing literature on individual-level outcomes of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Employing a sample of 339 subordinate–supervisor dyads, we explored the differential impact of CSR attributions on employees’ creative performance in the telecom industry. We also introduced and tested the role of psychological safety as a mediator underlying this relationship. The results indicate that although intrinsic CSR attributions are not directly related to creative performance, extrinsic CSR attributions have a significant negative effect on creative performance. We also found that psychological safety mediates the positive relationship between intrinsic CSR and creative performance and the negative relationship between extrinsic CSR and creative performance. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.     

Influence of the role of a partner on anxiety due to a physically threatening situation

This study aimed to examine the influence of the presence of a partner in terms of affiliation level and role on anxiety in a physically threatening situation.

In the first experiment, nine male subjects waited alone for the electric shock, and the other nine subjects waited with their partner.

In the second experiment, 36 female subjects were assigned to four experimental groups by the difference of the role of a partner (coactor or audience) and the affiliation level of a partner (friend or stranger), and subjects waited for the electric shock with their partner.

It was found that anxiety of subjects decreased when the partner was a coactor and/or a friend. It was suggested that these two functioned differently in anxiety reduction in a physically threatening situation.     

Occupational Therapists' Perception of the Tree Theme Method™ as an Intervention in Psychosocial Occupational Therapy

This study investigated how occupational therapists experience utilization of the Tree Theme Method, an intervention based on creative activities and life-story telling and making. The Tree Theme Method is comprised of five sessions in which the therapist asks the client to paint symbolic trees, with specific themes representing their present life situation, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and the future. Nine occupational therapists in mental health care were asked about their experiences when using the Tree Theme Method. The informants formed two focus groups and each group was interviewed twice. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify five categories including: (1) therapeutic frames, (2) therapist requirements, (3) client requirements, (4) the therapeutic relationship, and (5) the Tree Theme Method as a multi-dimensional process. Overall the informants were satisfied with the intervention with some variation as to therapists' perception about the helpfulness of the tool. The Tree Theme Method was experienced as a structured method of starting a therapeutic process and initiating a therapist–client relationship. The therapeutic attitude, self-knowledge, and expert knowledge seemed to be important prerequisites for the therapists when using the Tree Theme Method intervention.     

小学儿童社会创造性倾向与父母养育方式的关系

随机选取3~6年级小学儿童363名,采用小学生社会创造性倾向问卷和父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU),考察小学儿童社会创造性倾向与父母养育方式的关系。结果发现,1.小学儿童社会创造性倾向与父亲的情感温暖、理解以及偏爱呈显著正相关,与父亲的惩罚、严厉呈显著负相关,与母亲养育方式呈现出相似的相关模式;2.小学儿童的社会创造性倾向与父亲养育方式只有第一对典型变量显著,其中小学儿童的威信或同伴影响力、冲突解决能力、出众性、社会智力、主动尽责性因子与父亲的情感温暖和理解、偏爱呈显著的正向一致性或典型相关,与母亲养育方式的典型相关分析结果与此类似。