创造性思维能力高、低大学生特性负启动效应的实验研究

本研究采用问卷法筛选出创造性思维能力高、低大学生作为被试,利用负启动实验范式考察两组大学生特性负启动效应的异同,探讨汉字特性负启动效应与创造性思维的关系。结果发现：低创造性思维能力组大学生具有显著的特性负启动效应,而高创造性思维能力组大学生则没有产生明显的特性负启动效应。     

母亲养育压力对幼儿创造性人格的影响:教养方式的中介作用

以来自两所幼儿园的331名幼儿的母亲为研究对象,使用威廉斯创造性人格倾向量表、父母压力量表和教养方式与维度问卷来考察母亲养育压力对幼儿创造性人格的影响,以及教养方式在其中的中介作用。研究发现:(1)幼儿创造性人格得分处于中等水平,与幼儿年龄、家庭社会经济地位显著正相关;(2)母亲的养育压力、专制教养方式与幼儿创造性人格显著负相关,母亲的权威教养方式与幼儿创造性人格显著正相关;(3)控制幼儿年龄与家庭社会经济地位影响后,母亲的权威教养方式在其养育压力对幼儿创造性人格的影响中起到部分中介作用。     

“要有创造性”指导语效应及其对创造性教学的启示

“要有创造性”指导语效应（effects of explicit instructions to“be creative”）,是指在创造力测验或实验任务中,明确要求“要有创造性”（be creative）的指导语,能够促进被试的创造性表现的现象。该效应的理论解释主要有最大化表现理论、目标设置理论和注意控制理论。在指导语中对“创造性”作出解释、创造性任务的类型以及被试特征,都会影响“要有创造性”指导语效应的产生。在创造性教学过程中,可以根据“要有创造性”指导语效应发生的机制,从设置创造性目标、根据任务特征施加精细指导、结合学生特征实施个性化教学三个方面,设计创造性活动,以促进学生创新能力的发展。     

脂肪细胞因子与2型糖尿病的防治

脂肪细胞因子与2型糖尿病并发症关系密切,随着对胰岛素抵抗(IRS)在2型糖尿病作用的认识,脂肪细胞因子的提出,使2型糖尿病并发症防治观念发生了根本的转变,提出了2型糖尿病并发症关防治新策略:从以降糖治疗为主到全面综合防治。对脂肪细胞因子和脂肪细胞因子与2型糖尿病并发症的关系的认识,体现了循证医学的思想和创新思维的启动。     

骨科学的新进展及其在治疗中的应用

现代各学科的交叉和融汇已经使骨科的临床诊疗技术有了革命性的进展,医学各学科之间以及医学与其它学科之间的交叉引用、促进发展体现了哲学体系中"综合"的概念.通过对近年来骨科发展的一些新思路的浅见来窥探综合理念在本领域应用的前景,试图阐明从学科交叉寻找合理且有前景的增长点也是未来骨科发展的必由之路.     

The paradox of evolution

In the second (and expanded) version of Origin of the Species, Darwin introduces the term “advanced progressive development” in an attempt to describe the development of the more complex species from the simpler ones. More than 100 years have passed since Darwin tried to qualify and conceptualize the directional question of evolution, and very little progress has been made regarding the subject. The appearance of the species, from the simple to the more complex, is today an empirical fact, one which is no longer dependent upon any theory, including that of Darwin. This work examines the subject of advanced development in evolution by attempting to answer a few basic questions: What parameters may be used to evaluate complexity? Can any rules or order be identified as to the development of the species? Is the mechanism of “natural selection” sufficient to explain the direction or ‘purpose’ of evolution? Can the human race be included within the “rules” of Darwin's evolutionary theory?

The purpose of this essay is to develop and represent a new conceptual framework. Through this, it will be possible to offer a principle answer to all four questions.     

Big Five Personality Traits as the Predictors of Creative Self‐Efficacy and Creative Personal Identity: Does Gender Matter?

The aim of this study was to examine the relation of the Big Five personality factors to two self‐concept variables of growing importance in creativity literature: creative self‐efficacy (CSE) and creative personal identity (CPI). The analysis, conducted on a large (N = 2674, 49.6% women) and varied‐in‐age (15–59 years old) nationwide sample of Poles, using the structural equation model, demonstrated that personality factors are responsible for 23% of CSE and 21% of CPI variances. CSE and CPI were associated with all five personality dimensions: positively with Openness to Experience, Extraversion and Conscientiousness, negatively with Neuroticism and Agreeableness. The separate analyses conducted on men and women showed the differences among the predictors of CSE and CPI. Although Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism predicted CSE among both men and women, Extraversion was positively and Agreeableness negatively related to women's CSE. Conscientiousness was positively related to CPI only among men, and Agreeableness was negatively related to it only among women. Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness predicted CPI in the same manner among men and women.