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981.
982.
Ehni HJ 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):123-130
The treatment of the control group in externally sponsored clinical trials is the issue of one of the most heated debates
in international research ethics. The paradigmatic cases are the mother-to-child HIV-transmission trials that took place in
16 developing countries in 1997, where the control group received a placebo while proven treatment was available in industrialized
countries. From this circumstance results the controversy as to whether the sponsor and researchers of externally sponsored
trials have to supply a treatment that is usually not available in the host country. From the beginning of the debate the
controversial level of treatment has been called “standard of care”. However, besides the disagreement about the quality of
the care that has to be supplied, there is as yet no widely accepted clear meaning of this concept. This article examines
the fundamental ambiguity of the term and its formal function as an ethical criterion including suggestions on its further
use.
This paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The Responsible Conduct of Basic
and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
983.
Despite the affirmation below from a chapter entitled “The Moral Self” in his Ethics (1932), Deweyseems not to have used the
term “moralself” outside that context. Perhaps he didn’t think it that crucial in his overall philosophy. I argue, on the
contrary, that the concept ofthe moralself is fundamental to Deweyan moral psychology and that it provides an illuminating
lens through which to view his philosophy of education. This paper explicates Dewey’s perspective on moral education as education
of the moral self. 相似文献
984.
Rudnicka EA 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(4):645-654
Graduates of the management major at the University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg find employment in a variety of organizations.
As future managers with employees from different professions, students expressed an interest in discussing ethics cases in
the operations management class. The semester starts with students familiarizing themselves with various professional and
corporate codes of ethics. Throughout the semester a number of short ethics’ cases in operations’ areas such as inventory
management, scheduling, facility location, and product design are introduced to illustrate ethical issues that a manager and
his/her employees might face. Students prepare individual responses before the in-class discussions. The semester ends with
a long group ethics case discussion and formal case presentations. In the end-of-semester survey, students responded very
favorably to an ethics component in the operations management class.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Fourteenth Annual Meeting, Association for Practical and Professional
Ethics, February 24–27, 2005. 相似文献
985.
Sterckx S 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(1):81-92
This paper offers a few elements of an answer to the question to what extent drug patents can be morally justified. Justifications
based on natural rights, distributive justice and utilitarian arguments are discussed and criticized. The author recognizes
the potential of the patents to benefit society but argues that the system is currently evolving in the wrong direction, particularly
in the field of drugs. More than a third of the world’s population has no access to essential drugs. The working of the patent
system is an important determinant of access to drugs. This paper argues that drug patents are not easily justified and that
the ‘architecture’ of the patent system should be rethought in view of its mission of benefiting society.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “The Ethics of Intellectual Property Rights
and Patents,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 23–24 April, 2004.
The author is a part-time Senior Research Fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research, Department of Philosophy and Moral Science,
Ghent University (Belgium) and a part-time Professor, Department of General Economics, University of Antwerp (Belgium). 相似文献
986.
987.
Bernard E. Rollin 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2005,8(1-2):105-121
Moral psychology is often ignored in ethical theory, making applied ethics difficult to achieve in practice. This is particularly true in the new field of animal ethics. One key feature of moral psychology is recognition of the moral primacy of those with whom we enjoy relationships of love and friendship – philia in Aristotles term. Although a radically new ethic for animal treatment is emerging in society, its full expression is severely limited by our exploitative uses of animals. At this historical moment, only the animals with whom we enjoy philia – companion animals – can be treated with unrestricted moral concern. This ought to be accomplished, both for its own sake and as an ideal model for the future evolution of animal ethics. 相似文献
988.
Jecker NS 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2005,26(4):277-305
The paper begins by tracing the historical development of American medicine as practice, profession, and industry from the
eighteenth century to the present. This historical outline emphasizes shifting conceptions of physicians and physician ethics.
It lays the basis for showing, in the second section, how contemporary controversies about the physician’s role in managed
care take root in medicine’s past. In the final two sections, I revisit both the historical analysis and its application to
contemporary debates. I argue that historical narratives can function as “master narratives” that suppress or leave out historical
facts. I bring to the surface what is covered up by the master narrative approach, and show its relevance to contemporary
ethical debates. I conclude by proposing that preserving the integrity of medicine will require modifying the master narratives
we tell about physicians. The integrity of medicine also offers new perspectives for thinking about managed care and the broader
topic of health care reform. 相似文献
989.
Sam Houston 《The Journal of religious ethics》2023,51(1):143-169
While offering valuable comparative insights into models of the self and ethical formation across religious traditions, studies of virtue ethics have been critiqued for putting forward accounts which are elite-focused. Some comparative ethicists have pointed to work in religious ethics and political theology on faith-based community organizing as offering compelling case studies of non-elite ethical formation. I seek to add to this literature by performing an analysis of the theories and practices of ethical formation in the South African Muslim anti-apartheid grassroots organization known as the “Call of Islam.” The “Call of Islam” emphasized a liberation-oriented praxis and active solidarity with non-Muslim organizations for the purposes of protesting apartheid and employed a range of social practices including study circles (halaqat) and political funeral processions to prepare and equip its members for such work. As such, it not only sheds light on non-elite ethical formation, but in its cultivation of the habits and dispositions of democratic solidarity, it also serves as an Islamic example of broad-based community organizing. 相似文献
990.
This contribution is a criticism of some points David Carr brings forward both in his 1991 book (Educating the Virtues) but even more so in his 1996 article in this journal (After Kohlberg: Some Implications of an Ethics of Virtue for the Theory of Moral Education and Development). With the help of a virtue approach Carr tries to solve the moral objectivism-moral relativism dilemma and the deontologism-consequentialism dilemma in ethics. I will argue that his attempt, though very interesting, suffers from some serious flaws and that, either, Carr's position is much closer to a Kantian approach than Carr thinks, or Carr's position needs a good deal of clarification. 相似文献