Legitimating the legitimate: A grounded theory study of legitimacy work among Ethics and Compliance Officers

Organizations have responded to ethical scandals in part by creating the Ethics and Compliance Officer (ECO) role to help insure employee ethical and legal behavior. Because ECO work is so fundamental to behavioral ethics in organizations and we know very little about it, we conducted a grounded theory study to learn more. We learned that, although most ECOs were hired to help their organizations respond to external legitimacy challenges, ECOs face major legitimacy challenges inside their organizations. Facilitating conditions may reduce these challenges and help ECOs reach internal legitimacy. But, we also found that ECOs engage in what we term legitimacy work that relies on a number of tactics to help them gain legitimacy in the eyes of their constituents. We tie our findings to the broader legitimacy literature and draw implications for the behavioral ethics literature.     

Professionalism,Ethics, and Value‐Based Conflicts in Counseling: An Introduction to the Special Section

This introduction to this special section of the Journal of Counseling & Development explores the importance of a code of ethics to the establishment and maintenance of a profession. Recognizing a code of ethics as a communication of a profession's collective values and expectations, the editors of this special section acknowledge the dilemmas that arise when a counselor's personal values do not align with the profession's collective values. The authors of each article address value‐based conflicts in counseling.     

Teaching Ethical Decision Making: Helping Students Reconcile Personal and Professional Values

Because conflicts between personal and professional values can interfere with ethical decision making, a goal of counselor education must be helping students reconcile such conflicts. This article describes one counselor educator's experience teaching ethical decision making and the effects on student learning. Growth was observed in increased tolerance for ambiguity, awareness of how values influenced decision making, use of multiple factors in decision making, and emphasis on the welfare of clients. Implications for teaching and future research directions are discussed.     

Can boundary crossings in clinical supervision be beneficial?

Published studies have addressed boundary violations by clinical supervisors, but boundary crossings, particularly those deemed positive by supervisees, have not received much attention. Eleven trainees in APA-accredited doctoral programs in clinical and counseling psychology were interviewed regarding positive boundary crossings (PBCs) they experienced with clinical supervisors. Interview data were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research. Examples of PBCs included socializing with supervisors outside the office, sharing car rides, and supervisor self-disclosure. Typically, supervisees did not discuss the PBC with their supervisors because they were uncomfortable doing so, felt that the PBC was normal, or felt that processing such issues was not part of the supervisor’s style. Most supervisees viewed the PBCs as enhancing the supervisory relationship and their clinical training; however, some participants reported that the PBCs created role confusion. The results suggest that there are legitimate reasons for supervisors to be scrupulous about their boundaries with supervisees; however, supervisors who hold rigid boundaries can deprive supervisees of deeper mentoring relationships or a more authentic emotional relationship that can be valuable to supervisees learning how to provide psychotherapy.     

关于患者家属在复苏现场的思考

医疗水平不断地发展和进步使越来越多的疾病可以在医院得到救治。但有研究显示,在医院接受心肺复苏（CPR）的患者中,只有很小的部分能被救治成功。由于CPR的成功率低,在CPR时是否允许有患者的家人陪伴在其身边逐渐成了医患双方共同关注的问题。家人的陪伴,或许能让患者抢救或死亡的过程变得更人性化,同时成为增加医患双方相互理解的渠道。但是这个过程的实施仍然面临许多问题,要让其成为常规制度,还有很长的路要走。     

晚期癌症患者宁养疗护与伦理

晚期癌症患者宁养疗护强调人的生活质量与生命价值,其在实践中得到了长足的发展,正成为姑息医学中的重要部分。随着医学向生物心理社会医学模式转变和姑息医学快速发展,宁养疗护伦理问题日益凸显。宁养疗护伦理在医疗方面强调适度治疗与合理用药,护理方面强调患者生理、心理、灵性、社会和宗教等层面的整体性照顾。梳理宁养疗护伦理有利于在宁养疗护服务中做出最优伦理选择,这种选择需遵循不伤害原则,注重生命质量原则、适度治疗和舒适生存原则、尊重患者意愿原则以及公平正义的原则。     

医学科研与医学科学的发展——高校附属医院SCI热的利弊分析

针对当前我国各大医院普遍出现的《科学引文索引》(science citation index,SCI)热,对高等医学院校附属医院进行调查研究,从医学科研与医学科学的发展、医院SCI热的利弊,及未来规划三个方面进行详细分析.客观说明对科研工作者的科研成绩进行公正、合理的评价,反对单纯以发表论文数量评价个人学术水平和贡献的做法.只有这样才可以充分调动科研工作者的科学探索兴趣和热情,还科学研究以本来的面目,促进科研管理水平再上新台阶.     

“无主胚胎”的处理方式及其伦理争论

随着辅助生殖技术的不断发展,越来越多暂时不需要进行移植的胚胎存放在生殖医学中心.然而,由于各种伦理争议及社会舆论压力,生殖中心往往会困惑于“无主胚胎”的处理.2013年6月,美国生殖医学协会伦理委员会对“无主胚胎”进行了确切的定义并给出了处理意见和指导原则,结合我国实际国情,从“无主胚胎”定义、“无主胚胎”现状、“无主胚胎”的处理方式及伦理争议、对生殖中心的建议四个方面进行阐述,以求为生殖中心在“无主胚胎”处理方面提供相应帮助.     

从《夷坚志》看宋代旴江医家为医处世之道

吁江,古称吁水,流经江西16个县市.其流域自古人文荟萃,不仅有名闻天下的文人学士,更不乏学验俱丰的医药学家.南宋洪迈所著笔记小说集《夷坚志》中记载了王、李两位吁江医家的小故事.从这则诊疗故事可以窥见古代吁江医家的生存状态,认为古代吁江医家不仅有着高超的治疗技术,更秉承传统医学一贯的医德思想,对病人细心体贴、对同行互敬互帮.更为难得的是,在金钱利益面前能做到重义轻利,表现出了谦虚谨慎的为医态度与谦和有礼的处世智慧.     

Thinking ethically about the global in ‘Global Ethics’

In what follows, I claim that the ‘global’ in ‘Global Ethics’ needs also to be thought about in a different way, not as the scope or object of ethical judgement but in relation to the worlds reproduced by the practice of ethical judgement itself. In summary, ethical reflection on the meaning of the ‘global’ in the practice of Global Ethics as a field of academic inquiry is what is required if the future of Global Ethics is to be something other than Ethics or Applied Ethics as traditionally conducted.