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781.
Elaine M. Eshbaugh 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(1):127-139
The association of adolescents’ perceptions of family relationships and adolescent depressive symptoms was investigated using
a sample of 2,918 youth participating in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Boys showed fewer depressive symptoms
than girls, as hypothesized. In general, adolescents’ perceptions of family relationships were negatively related to depressive
symptoms. Mother support of father predicted depressive symptoms for girls only, whereas father support of mother predicted
depressive symptoms for boys only. These findings contradict previous research that suggested family functioning is more related
to outcomes of adolescent girls than boys. Suggestions for future research and implications for marital and family therapists
are discussed. 相似文献
782.
The emergence of a research literature exploring parallels between physical and nonphysical (i.e., social, relational, indirect)
forms of aggression has raised many questions about the developmental effects of aggressive behavior on psychological functioning,
peer relationships, and social status. Although both forms of aggression have been linked to problematic outcomes in childhood
and adolescence, more recent findings have highlighted the importance of considering the possible social rewards conferred
by socially aggressive behavior. This paper examines relevant theory and empirical research investigating the adaptive and
maladaptive correlates specific to nonphysical forms of aggression. Findings are explored at the level of group (e.g., peer
rejection), dyadic (e.g., friendship quality), and individual (e.g., depressive symptoms) variables. Key developmental considerations
and methodological issues are addressed, and recommendations for future research integrating current theoretical conceptualizations
and empirical findings on social aggression are advanced. 相似文献
783.
Vanda Broughton 《Axiomathes》2008,18(2):193-210
Facet analysis is an established methodology for building classifications and subject indexing systems, but has been less
rigorously applied to thesauri. The process of creating a compatible thesaurus from the schedules of the Bliss Bibliographic
Classification 2nd edition highlights the ways in which the conceptual relationships in a subject field are handled in the
two types of retrieval languages. An underlying uniformity of theory is established, and the way in which software can manage
the relationships is discussed. The manner of displaying verbal expressions of concepts (vocabulary control) is also considered,
but is found to be less well controlled in the classification than in the thesaurus. Nevertheless, there is good reason to
think that facet analysis provides a sound basis for structuring a variety of knowledge organization tools. 相似文献
784.
几何线索对儿童理解地图与现实空间之间的对应关系具重要意义。目前研究以几何地图为材料,通过定向任务,考察儿童对不同几何线索(拓扑关系、欧式几何特征、度量结构)的利用与发展,揭示了儿童对地图与现实空间之间对应关系的认知过程。研究发现,3岁儿童已初步发展出使用欧氏几何特征和度量结构表征空间位置的能力;但不同欧式几何特征(相对距离、角度、方向)被儿童掌握的时间存在明显差别;关于拓扑关系的研究较少,尚未掌握儿童利用该线索的发展规律。提高生态效度是未来研究需解决的主要问题。 相似文献
785.
采用问卷法,考察了小学五年级到初中三年级665名学生的师生关系及学校适应特点。结果表明,在师生关系的亲密性维度,初中三年级显著低于其他3个年级,而在冲突性维度则显著高于其他3个年级;在冲突性维度上,女生得分显著低于男生。师生关系可以归为3种类型:亲密型、一般型和冲突型。亲密型师生关系的学生在学校态度、学业行为和社会行为方面均显著好于一般型和冲突型师生关系的学生;师生关系对学校态度、学业行为和亲社会行为均有显著的预测作用;学校喜欢和回避对学业行为、退缩行为有显著的预测作用。 相似文献
786.
Parenting,Family Loneliness,and Peer Functioning in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The goal of the present study was to consider the associations between family functioning (parenting and family loneliness) and peer functioning in a sample of boys with ADHD (N = 110) and their mothers (N = 108) and fathers (N = 53). Results indicated that higher paternal warmth was associated with more peer acceptance, less peer rejection, and less problematic social behavior, but only for boys who reported low levels of family loneliness. In addition, more paternal power assertion was related to less peer acceptance, but only for boys who reported low levels of family loneliness. Maternal warmth and power assertion were not significantly related to boys' peer functioning. We discuss these findings in the context of the processes by which parenting may affect the peer relationships of these children. 相似文献
787.
Numerous studies have examined attachment-style differences in social perception, emotion-regulation, and couple communication, but relatively little is known about how dispositional attachment style combines or interacts with relationship situations or contexts to influence the decisions people make about how to act in their relationships. In the present study, participants were presented twice with relationship scenarios and asked to indicate how they would respond to each one. They completed the task initially without a particular context in mind and then again with either a positive or a negative relationship context in mind. Results indicated that a deteriorating relationship context caused participants to choose less secure and more insecure behaviors, especially avoidant ones, but dispositional attachment style was still important as well. Both sets of factors produced main effects rather than interactions. 相似文献
788.
Thomas Ross 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(1):75-84
Attachment styles, interpersonal problems, and personality variables were identified in male members of two German charismatic
Christian congregations. To assess attachment styles and interpersonal relations, a semi-structured attachment interview was
applied. In addition, self report measures focusing on aspects of self concept, self regulation, and interpersonal problems
were used and analysed in relation to attachment styles. Significant differences were found between the investigated group
and corresponding norm samples in a number of measures related to interpersonal problems, self regulation, and self concept.
Focussing on attachment styles, the results are compared with findings of the literature and discussed accordingly.
Dr Ross is a clinical psychologist working mainly in the field of forensic psychology and psychotherapy. At the University
of Ulm, Germany, he holds the position of a research fellow. He studied psychology and clinical psychology at the Universities
of Freiburg, Germany, and Edinburgh, Scotland. His main research interests are: offender treatment and rehabilitation, risk
assessment and risk prediction, migration studies, human attachment, the psychology of religion. He has been involved in a
large scale thematic network study funded by the European Commission and devised or participated various other research projects
on all abovementioned research areas. 相似文献
789.
Identity control theory (Kerpelman, Pittman, & Lamke, Journal of Adolescent Research, 12: 325–346, 1997) and the literature on possible selves (Markus & Nurius, American Psychologist, 41: 954–969, 1986) and family influences on adolescents’ vocational choices (e.g., Otto, Journal of Career Development, 27: 111–117, 2000; Whiston & Keller, The Counseling Psychologist, 32: 493–568, 2004) were used to guide this study of young women’s career aspirations. How mother–daughter and father–daughter
relationships were associated with young women’s certainty about their anticipated future careers was addressed with data
from 304 female undergraduates. Findings indicated that parent–daughter connectedness predicted the young women’s anticipated
distress, as well as their willingness to change to fit parental views should their parents disagree with their career aspirations.
In addition, anticipated distress mediated associations between willingness to change and connectedness with parents, and
between willingness to change and father–daughter career discussions. Discussing career goals with mother increased mother’s
influence, but decreased father’s influence, on daughter’s career certainty under conditions of father–daughter disagreement
about career choice. The ability to separate her own feelings from those of her father was particularly important in reducing
the daughter’s willingness to change her career goals to fit maternal or paternal expectations. Collectively, these findings
offer additional insights about the role of parent–adolescent relationships in understanding young women’s career aspirations
and note the importance of considering the distinct influences of mothers and fathers on their daughters’ career goals and
plans. 相似文献
790.
Jan Richards Mark Papworth Sally Corbett James Good 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2007,17(5):347-362
Traditionally, adolescent motherhood has been associated with numerous negative social, psychological and societal outcomes. However, in recent years there has been a gradual acceptance that there are many positive features to adolescent motherhood, but methodological issues have been identified within the field. This study aimed to examine adolescent motherhood from the mothers' own perspectives, exploring their attitudes towards the issues that they described as being important in their lives, by using Q‐methodology in an attempt to counter some of these methodological limitations. The mothers within the study appeared to be coping positively in their role in that levels of symptomatology, as determined from questionnaire assessment, appeared to be relatively low and they indicated through Q‐sort analysis that motherhood had been beneficial to their lives. Three independent factors (clusters of attitudes) were identified within the sample (N = 23) which differed over the dimensions of: employment, social support, coping, partner co‐habitation, financial support, maternal role satisfaction, aspirations for the future, as well as the nature of the relationship with their child(ren)'s father and their satisfaction with the fathers' role. The significance of these findings with regard to educational and social services is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献