医学免疫学中的哲学思维

创造性思维与主观能动性推动了现代免疫学理论的建立和发展。免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫分子的相互联系、相互作用为免疫耐受和免疫应答储备了物质基础;免疫调节过程中活化与抑制的对立统一,免疫、神经、内分泌系统之间整体调节的精细准确为免疫自稳创造了条件。正确地运用哲学思维,有助于揭示掩映在诸多免疫学现象之中的本质内涵。     

Unsymbolized thinking

Unsymbolized thinking—the experience of an explicit, differentiated thought that does not include the experience of words, images, or any other symbols—is a frequently occurring yet little known phenomenon. Unsymbolized thinking is a distinct phenomenon, not merely, for example, an incompletely formed inner speech or a vague image, and is one of the five most common features of inner experience (the other four: inner speech, inner seeing, feelings, and sensory awareness). Despite its high frequency, many people, including many professional students of consciousness, believe that such an experience is impossible. However, because the existence of unsymbolized thinking indicates that much experienced thinking takes place without any experience of words or other symbols, acknowledging the existence of unsymbolized thinking may have substantial theoretical import.     

Personality and mental time travel: a differential approach to autonoetic consciousness

Recent research on autonoetic consciousness indicates that the ability to remember the past and the ability to project oneself into the future are closely related. The purpose of the present study was to confirm this proposition by examining whether the relationship observed between personality and episodic memory could be extended to episodic future thinking and, more generally, to investigate the influence of personality traits on self-information processing in the past and in the future. Results show that Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance predict more negative past memories and future projections. Other personality dimensions exhibit a more limited influence on mental time travel (MTT). Therefore, our study provide an additional evidence to the idea that MTT into the past and into the future rely on a common set of processes by which past experiences are used to envision the future.     

高二理科生物理问题创造性解决的表象特征研究

物理问题创造性解决是一个发散思维和聚合思维交替运行的过程,而表象对问题的创造性解决具有重要作用。本研究通过自编的物理问题对天津市某中学109名高二理科学生进行物理问题创造性解决测验,探讨高中理科学生物理问题创造性解决中的表象特征。验证了表象与物理问题创造性解决中的发散思维具有显著的正相关,与聚合思维无显著相关。对109名高二理科学生K聚类分析发现：物理问题解决过程中,高创造性和中等程度创造性的学生人数较少,而低创造性的学生人数较多;表象丰富性很高和较高的学生较少,表象丰富性较低的学生较多。     

等值分数概念的理解

等值分数是表示具有相等值的分数,它建立在两个量具有确定比例关系的基础上。研究表明,儿童在接受正式教学之前,就具有了等值分数的非正式知识,但仍然在概念理解上存在很大的困难,主要有两方面的原因:一是受自身运算思维发展水平的制约,未获得乘法思维和守恒观念;二是缺乏对等值分数不同语义的理解。在今后研究中,需进一步探讨从非正式知识到正式概念之间的发展路径,尝试开展等值分数的早期教学实验,并需要结合多种语义背景来考查儿童的概念发展水平。     

Constructive Thought Strategies and Job Satisfaction: A Preliminary Examination

In order to examine the potential of constructive thought strategies for enhancing employee job satisfaction, an existing dispositional model of job satisfaction was expanded and tested. Structural equation modeling techniques indicated significant relationships among constructive thought strategies, dysfunctional thought processes, subjective well-being, and job satisfaction. In addition, two competing models were examined to test for the full or partial mediation of the effects of constructive thought strategies on job satisfaction. The implications of these findings for constructive thought strategy training interventions are discussed, along with directions for future research efforts.     

非雄激素依赖型前列腺癌与肿瘤干细胞——浅析辩证思维之于临床医学的方法论作用

在前列腺癌的治疗中,由于癌细胞的不断“升级”使得治疗屡屡受挫。近来提出的肿瘤干细胞理论认为:肿瘤是一种干细胞疾病,只有消灭了“种子”,才能克服癌症。从自然辩证法的角度,结合肿瘤干细胞理论对前列腺癌的诊疗加以分析,解释非雄激素依赖型前列腺癌的发病机制,以一种新的思维指导临床治疗。     

浅谈影像诊断思维特征

人类的科学思维方式是一个多层次、多形态、多要素的系统。对每一种事物的认识过程都有特定的思维方式。疾病的诊断是一个主观反映客观的认识过程,反映客观的真实程度愈高,诊断的正确性愈高,而客观真实性的再现,在相当程度上取决于人的主观意识,人的主观意识又通过人的思维活动来实现。所以,人的思维在疾病的诊断中占有重要意义。而医学影像诊断思维又有其特点,即以形象思维为先导,以逻辑思维来归结,又有非逻辑思维闪现,如直觉、灵感、经验思维。只有各种思维形式有机的交叉运用,才能得出最接近真实的诊断结论。     

抑郁焦虑共病研究及其辩证思维

抑郁、焦虑障碍是临床上很常见的两种疾病,两者之间的症状具有重叠性,共病率很高;目前由于两者的病因和发病机制不太明了,很难做出全面系统的判断。对抑郁、焦虑共病现象采取辩证的思维方法、科学的研究方法,以期探讨共病现象的本质及其规律,为临床诊断、治疗、预防提供更全面、更有效的措施与方案。     

Can Religious Beliefs be Justified Pragmatically?

One cannot prove the truth of theological statement, but perhaps one can justify believing them because of the good consequences of doing so. It is irrational to believe statements of which there are good reasons to think false, but those of which there is some, albeit inconclusive, evidence can be believed for pragmatic reasons. However, in the interest of simplicity, it must not be possible to achieve those good consequences without such faith. John Bishop and others have argued that one need only assume theological statements to be true to enjoy the good consequences of a religious life, but in fact, faith is needed for most of these consequences to be achieved.